LOST (LAKE) IN THE SAN JUANS

The newspaper’s front-page headline read: “Irresponsible Dad to Blame for Tragedy.” 

Fortunately, the headline was only in my mind’s eye.  I was leading my wife, daughter, and son along a trailless, steep slope.   The surface was slick with fresh snow and hailstones. We were amidst heavy rain and sleet.  Clouds of mist rolled through the adjacent canyon obscuring visibility.   

We were navigating the steep, trailless Roell Creek drainage in Colorado’s San Juan Mountains.   I should have known better; this was the second time.    

Mary and my first trip in the San Juans, accompanied by our mild-mannered friend Dave, had occurred twenty-one years earlier.  While Mary and I lived in Tucson, backpacking friends had described Colorado’s San Juans as the Holy Grail of mountains.  We had climbed peaks in Southern Arizona, but the highest was Mt Graham’s 10,724-feet, an elevation not much higher than some San Juan trailheads.   

Dave, Mary, and I hiked to 11,620 feet at Moon Lake in the Weminuche Wilderness Area, Colorado’s largest at 500,000 acres.  We were greeted by thunder, lightning, high winds, and a downpour.  I was running about frantically, looking for a camping spot.  We lived in Southern Arizona. We were not accustomed to this.  I pointed down by the lake.  Weather, fatigue, and hail led Dave to uncharacteristically snarl at me.  “That spot is sleazy as hell,” (the only four-letter word I heard from him during five years of acquaintance.)   

Our sleeping bags and clothing were wet by the time our tiny pup tents were erected.  Our tent flapped against our bodies.  We were miserable.  Welcome to the San Juans!    

Our sour moods and anxiety shifted to enchantment when the clouds lifted.  Slopes of talus intermixed with willow rose to snow-covered ridges.  Sun-yellow dogtooth violets surrounded our tent.  Magenta split-leaf painted cup flourished along the lakeside. Swampy areas showcased pink elephantella and creamy marsh marigolds.  My outlook improved even more in the morning when I found the lake full of hungry brook trout.  I caught enough for breakfast.   

After a layover day with intermittent inclement weather, we hiked an off-trail route over an unnamed pass and arrived at Flint Lakes under threatening skies.  We were wary, but the next day dawned still, clear, and blue.  The fishing was good.  I caught my first cutthroats. 

I was enthralled and proud.   After four nights in the wilderness, we considered ourselves experts.  We perused our map and guidebook to select the next challenge.  Dave and I noticed two lakes, only a few miles from the unnamed pass we had just traversed.  Their names were Hidden and Lost.  I wonder if it would have made a difference if they had popular names such as Bear Lake and Blue Lake.  I suspect it would have.   Anyway, we were intrigued, particularly because our guidebook (Gebhardt p71*) called them nearly inaccessibleWouldn’t it be great to go there someday, we said.   

Later in Tucson, I described our trip to a friend who had once lived in Durango, close to the trailhead we had used to enter the Weminuche.  This friend had worked at an outdoor gear store and said a co-worker had once been to those lakes. That was 1976. I did not forget the conversation. 

Mary and I returned to the San Juans the following year—a year of severe drought. It was early June—usually too early for high country access.   Again, we achieved Moon Lake, caught fish, and even watched “ice out.”   We climbed the pass again, which we named Half Moon for a nearby tarn, and scrambled up nearby false summits—our first sojourns above 13,000 feet.  Our trip was enlivened by my “blowing up” one of those early canister stoves causing our sixth anniversary dinner to be not just freeze-dried, but cold! 

Amazingly, without any expectation or pre-conceived attempt to do so, we moved to Western Colorado later that year.  The following spring, on a long weekend, Mary and I hiked up Vallecito Creek to near Chicago Basin.  I followed the trail farther to view the confluence with Roell Creek. Lost Lake is up there, I thought, while also noting a steep, wild, and impenetrable canyon.  But more backpacking had to wait.   Pregnancies and children came next. 

More than forty-five years later, reviewing my journals, I tallied that our San Juan excursions included seven backpack trips of four-six nights, at least as many of two-three nights, and frequent day trips or overnighters for climbing seven 14,000 feet peaks and as many for climbing summits exceeding 13,000 such as the spectacular Rio Grande Pyramid (13,821) and the remote Mt. Oso (13,684).  There were also various nights in motels or cabins in Telluride, Ouray, Silverton, and Lake City used as base camps for hiking or cross-country skiing.  

How fortunate we have been to live within two to three hours of this magnificent range!  When hiking in the Pyrenees near the French/Spanish border, we found ourselves looking at the rock and sky and saying, this is like the San Juans. We said the same when we hiked in Denali National Park in Alaska and in Spain’s Picos de Europa.   

When I think of the San Juans, my first thoughts are of talus rising into the sky; meltwater rumbling underneath.  I see dark cliffs, wet and shining. The sky above and behind massive peaks is tumultuous with various shades of gray and blue punctuated by patches of white as the clouds prowl among the summits as if planning when and where to unleash the next bout of riotous weather. 

Once it rained so much the trail alternated between being a rivulet and a series of deep pools.  Marble-sized hail fell and clumped together, as if each pool held a glob of floating gray refuse.  

Another time, two inches of hail flattened our tent.  We endured so much rain on that trip, I reviewed our tents and clothing (by then we owned the best high-altitude equipment money could buy, not including four-season gear), and remarked, even the best gear fails in three-days

And there was wind–worse on fourteeners.  At times, we were so battered that the rustling and whacking of our jackets was deafening.   

Nonetheless, I love the sight of lightning and the rumble of thunder while being so close to the sky.  I was fishing one afternoon at Lost Lake.  I felt safe in the sheltered basin as storm clouds swirled on the surrounding cliffs.  I was watching the ridge above as I reeled in a spinner.  Suddenly, a jagged bolt of lightning erupted from a cloud and struck the rocky surface.  Simultaneous with the tremendous clap of power, a wisp of dust and smoke arose from the assaulted stone.   

Besides the weather, I think of wildlife. We learned to appreciate the echoing whistle of yellow-bellied marmots and the strange awnnk of pikas, their mouths full of grasses as they scurried on and within boulder fields.  

One evening, after climbing San Luis Peak and Organ Mountain, our 360-degree view revealed three separate large elk herds.  Later that August night, we heard thumping.  I peeked out carefully and a snow-shoe hare scampered back and forth through our camp.  Now and then it stood still and stamped its feet.  The thumping continued until we emerged from the tent and began preparing breakfast.  Then, a curious fawn walked into our camp and began sniffing our gear.  We named it Bambi, of course, until we realized hunting season was approaching. We banged pots and waved our arms, trying to instill sufficient fear of humans.   

And there were birds!  We saw White-tailed Ptarmigan each time we ascended Half Moon Pass.   The nearly endemic-to-Colorado Brown-capped Rosy Finch was common, that is, if we were high enough that we might also see American Pipits performing distraction displays to keep us from finding their eggs tucked under a rock.   

A Boreal Owl perched overhead one night at Kilpacker Basin.  Hiking out from the Three Apostles, after climbing the easier two, I was delighted with how common were Wilson’s Warblers and Fox Sparrows.  My favorites though, are White-Crowned Sparrows.  I appreciate the radiant ivory of their summer stripes, but mostly, I love their songs.  They sang constantly throughout three rainy days at Lost Lake. It was a sound so cheerful and stirring amid the mist and clouds that I could not help but feel fortunate to be there, no matter what the weather.  

ICE LAKE BASIN

A favorite location was Ice Lake Basin, now a sad story.  We completed a reconnaissance overnight backpack with my sister in 1984 followed by a trip with our children, then seven and nine, four years later.  On that trip, I deserted the family for an afternoon and bushwhacked to Island Lake.   

Visitors to Ice Lake usually hiked to Fuller Lake and the high thirteeners on its skyline, but I had seen Island Lake on the map.  It was in the opposite direction, and apparently trailless.  When I arrived, so many trout were rising it looked like a rainstorm. The tiny lake, with its small rocky island, was exquisite.  I wrote in my journal; the opposite side of the lake was purple with showy daisies and yellow with composites as these colors perforated the green carpet of grass that flowed up the mountainsides to the talus and cliffs above.  The next morning, I hiked over early and caught fat rainbows for breakfast.   

(Island Lake, before discovery, 1990.)

We returned the following year for what proved to be a too early trip, too much snow.  We managed to reach Ice Lake, but it was still frozen, not visible under the snow.  Although dazzled by a pair of mountain bluebirds fluttering among emerging rocks; their azure blue stunning against the gleaming white, we had to descend to the basin below to find a campsite.   

We set up the tents in a sheltered location just in time to be pounded by rain, hail, thunder, and lightning.  When the storm ceased, we emerged into a beautiful, although damp, evening.  Typically, I disdain fires in the wilderness, but that night we had a delightful time sitting with our children as we dried out, warmed up, and watched the darkness fall.   

The hike out was memorable for the sturdiness of our children and their appreciation of the beauty: solitary fiery yellow alpine buttercups in open patches amidst the lingering snow, Parry’s primrose beginning to flash dayglo pink; the stalks having only one or two flowers with most buds yet to open. 

We absorbed all of it: the powerful waterfalls in the canyon below, the slopes all around flocked with a fresh, frosty coating, the aspens just beginning to color; the yellow of the new growth more reminiscent of fall than spring.  A male Wilson’s warbler flashed yellow and black amongst the fuzzy buds of willows—no leaves yet.  We watched a flock of pine siskins forage on a steep hillside as if tiny rocks had come alive. An American pipit rose, spread its wings, and launched down the mountainside.  White-crowned sparrows with their spring-bright heads sang everywhere. Four chipmunks raced and chased through the meadow—as if the grass itself was moving. High above, snow, mist and rain circled amongst the peaks.   

Once we descended below timberline, beautiful clumps of pink-red shooting stars lined the trail.  These are usually spent by the time of hiking season. We had never seen so many. I wrote: The kids did great. I still see them in their rain suits with their dripping packs. They appeared burdened and wet—and happy!   

Four years later, we returned.  No one else was camped at Ice or Island Lake, but the latter had been discovered: copious fish carcasses and bones, shoreline overly trodden and newly eroded, discarded fish line and other camping detritus.  No fish were rising and I did not catch any.   

It was twenty-four years before I returned to Ice Lake.  I was invited on my granddaughter Zia’s first backpacking trip.  Ann, feeling nostalgic, wanted her daughter’s first trip to kindle a childhood memory like hers. The change was unsettling.  I stopped counting the number of people on the trail when I passed one hundred.  Two men were packing holsters with sidearms.   

At Ice Lake, we were fortunate to find a campsite.  Unlike many high-altitude lakes, Ice Lake has room for multiple camps, even though the presence of two groups prevents any privacy.  By late afternoon, the area was crammed with fourteen separate parties.  Near dark, two more backpackers appeared.  Where would they camp? I was shocked to watch them bushwhack through the vegetation on the lake’s trailless far side.  They beat down and cut willows to pitch their tent.  I was appalled, but worse was to come the next day. 

We decided to have lunch at Island Lake.  There is now a beat-down, wide, trail.  No surprise there.  I counted nineteen hikers ahead of us within a quarter mile of steep slope. Once we reached the lake, there were so many visitors, we opted to sit amidst the talus on the far side even though we had to hop rock-to-rock to prevent wet feet. We sat on boulders, spread out our lunch, and heard and then saw the drone someone was flying.  The Ice Lake Basin I had shown my children was gone.   

Most of the hikers were much younger than me—especially my granddaughter.  What did they think? Did they have a sense of discovery like mine decades earlier?  The phenomenon that each succeeding generation believes they are discoverers or believe “it has always been this way,” even though the experience has deteriorated, has been labeled generational amnesia.  Due to the short lives of most humans, our species does a poor job comprehending the long-term.  Old curmudgeons like me are needed to tell them how it was.   

It was marvelous!  The memories become a torrent in my mind.  Such as the time we hiked up East Ute Creek, spent three nights with the Rio Grande Pyramid and La Ventana (the Window) on the skyline, and saw no one else, only elk!  The kids performed a skit and sang camp songs.  We tried to climb the Pyramid but, within five hundred feet of the summit, were chased off by an approaching storm.  

We returned a year later (1991), approaching from the other side, via Weminuche Pass.  It was dry. I hiked uphill looking for water. A mistake.  All I found was a stagnant pool replete with elk droppings.  It was now too late to hike to the clear streams below camp. We filtered, boiled, and added iodine, realizing how bizarre that some of the worst water we have ever used was from high in the San Juans.  

The next day, we easily scrambled up the big boulders to the summit.  The peak’s isolation yielded the magnificent view we expected.  But then I was to recall a comment from Gephardt’s book, that the Rio Grande Pyramid seemed to collect severe weather.  Immense black clouds were emanating from the surrounding valleys.  We descended to our camp and endured a heavy downpour.  

Typically, rain stops by early evening.  We waited but it kept raining. Mercifully, the rain ceased as the sun was setting.   Climbing from our tents we beheld a vividly colored rainbow rising behind a rocky 12,000 feet ridge.  The ridge itself was pinkish orange in the alpenglow.  The rainbow seemed to grow from it and vault into the sky.

When I awoke in the morning, I walked a short distance from camp to view the broad valley below Weminuche Pass.   It was fairyland.  A curtain of mist was blowing up the valley hanging above the vegetation in a wispy, curling band that climbed a few tens of feet into the sky.  Each blade of grass and willow tip below the gossamer ribbon was coated with a film of water that sparkled as if diamond coated.  Boggy locations were distinct as they emitted their own traces of mist and fog into the sun-filled morning.  It was breathtaking.  I ran for the rest of the family but, by the time we returned, the temperature and sun angle had changed. The effect was gone, but the memory persists.  This is why I go backpacking, I thought. 

CLIMBING FOURTEENERS

Unfortunately, backpacking in the San Juans also taught me about altitude sickness. My first session was on Mt Sneffels.   I blamed my nausea and slight headache on having slept poorly.   I climbed from Blue Lakes Pass rather than use the standard Yankee Boy Basin approach.   There was no one else on the steep and loose route.   Cliffs and blind turns were frequent, but I continued to find footprints, or I would have turned back.  At last, I reached a solid ridge with the peak about 250-feet above. Despite copious exposure, the four feet wide ridge was solid with great foot and handholds.  

From the summit, I viewed rainstorms in all directions, and a lot of people.  I lingered for about 10 minutes.  

Instead of descending slowly on talus, I glissaded on my backside down snowfields. Just above Blue Lake Pass I slid about two hundred yards.  My speed increased dangerously but I was able to shift my boots more on edge and slowed down without tumbling.  Trembling, I stood up. To my mortification, the back of my pants was in tatters and my wallet somewhere upslope.  (Two years later, another hiker found its chewed up remains and mailed it to me!)

While descending from Mt Sneffels the nausea and headache vanished, and I forgot about them until two years later when I became sick on Wilson Peak.  Perhaps it was because I was again above 12,000 feet or because I had climbed the last part anxiously while Mary waited below, having tired of the talus.  

My head was throbbing when I reached the top, but the surprise was realizing that I had forgotten to eat lunch and found my canteens still full.  My mouth and throat were so dry, I was unable to speak.  

We had already set up a camp near an old hotel at 12,500 feet. (Those miners were tough!).  A horrible night ensued.  Rain and wind whipped the tent while I was tormented by a severe headache and queasiness.  Whenever I would doze, I dreamed of the peak looming malevolently overhead while I slid downward on talus about to tumble over a cliff.  I wrote, I felt so bad, I wished I had!

We packed in the twilight and were hiking by 6AM.  Remarkably, as soon as we descended a couple of thousand feet, I recovered completely.  After breakfast at a cafe in Ridgeway, I had a fine day.  

That is how I learned about diamox for altitude sickness, which I used to significant effect when we climbed Sunshine and Redcloud, Ann and Adam’s first fourteeners.  From Sunshine Peak we had a typical San Juan view: mountains marched into the distance in all directions. It seemed like we were walking on the roof of the world; the view only marred by the violent wind.  I felt great although we were dismayed to find a small bulldozer tearing up the trailside creek as someone performed due diligence on an old mining claim.  We discussed Edward Abbey and his book The Monkey Wrench Gang, and discovered on our return, that monkey-wrenchers had been there in the night—smashing windows and cutting hoses.  

Our next mountain was nearby Handies Peak, an easy hike, with what one author called the best view in the San Juans.  Initially, the hike passes aquamarine Sloan Lake, nestled under the imposing American Crags.  On top, gazing southeast, the Rio Grande Pyramid dominates the skyline.  As one makes a pirouette, there are the Needles and Grenadiers deep in the Weminuche, then Fuller Peak, Golden Horn, and Pilot Knob toward Silverton followed by Mt Sneffels near Ouray. To the North are Wetterhorn and Uncompahgre.  Redcloud and Sunshine are in the foreground. 

My favorite fourteener experience was when Mary and I climbed Uncompahgre Peak on a rare, still, and cloudless day. There is a 700-foot sheer cliff on one side, yet room for a football game on top.  All around we could see other peaks we had climbed: Wilson Peak, Redcloud, Sunshine, Handies, and, as always, the Rio Grande Pyramid.    We saw no one else the entire day, which enticed us to have extra fun at 14,000 feet.  Is that possible anymore without creating a show for voyeurs?  We remained for three hours, not the 10 or 15 minutes one usually has because of threatening weather and the number of people arriving.   

I wanted to climb all of Colorado’s fourteeners but lost my passion for them on El Diente; the most difficult any of us attempted.  Adam and I started from Kilpacker Basin.  El Diente, as much of the San Juans, consists of rotten rock. At 13,500 feet, Adam hoisted himself onto a slab.  It began to slide.  We leaped out of the way, but both of us received a glancing blow.  As we limped off the peak, I realized I had led us off the route.  We were ~500 feet below the summit, but as we were to learn later, on the wrong side.  We slowly worked our way six hundred feet lower before snow started flying.   We completed our descent in mist and fog, never having seen the summit.  

Determined, we returned a year later.  With the previous experience and new intelligence from successful climbers, we attained the ridge below the summit—in heavy fog. We knew there was eight hundred feet of exposure but could only see ten-fifteen feet before the world disappeared into a wall of mist.  We moved carefully, stopping at each cairn long enough to see the next one.  It was eerie.  Mist swirled at our feet.  We knew the exposure would be thrilling, but we never saw it.  

The cairns ceased at a small saddle.  We ascended, but it was a false summit.  We backed down, climbed up the other side, and found ourselves on top.  How did we know?  There was a summit register.  There was no view.  The mist changed to steady rain.  Luckily, it was not an electrical storm.  

After a few minutes of peering hopefully into the thick grayness—we might have been on a rainy seashore rather than a mountaintop—we carefully descended.  For more than an hour, I observed that a slip or an unexpected loose rock would have caused a long, painful tumble.  We could check off El Diente as having been climbed but we had not even enjoyed a view. Though we climbed other peaks, that was the experience when I lost my desire to climb lots of them.  I decided canyons, especially the Grand Canyon, were safer and less crowded, but that is another story.

LOST LAKE

But what of the fabled Lost Lake? In 1992, with Ann and Adam still pre-teens, we accomplished an ambitious multi-day, springtime, backpack in the Grand Canyon.  The trip had gone so well, that the goal of Hidden and Lost Lakes returned to prominence. I planned for the following August.   

We now lived north of the trailhead we used for our earliest trips to the San Juans.  It would take a day to drive around to the southern access we had used previously.  Unfortunately, the closer, northern access, from the town of Silverton, required driving roads famous for jeep trips that attract travelers from all over the world.   Our only car was a Nissan Stanza, a tiny, boxy, powerless station wagon with back doors that slid rather than swung open.  As the trip would prove, however, it had two positive attributes, good clearance, and a small wheelbase.   

The closest access was the road from Silverton to Creede.  From Silverton, we would have to drive over Stony Pass (12,492 feet).  The road description in 1992 was like today: High clearance, 4WD, and off-road vehicles are highly recommended for summiting Stony Pass. The road contains sometimes challenging terrain and can become very narrow in parts.

If we entered from the Creede side, which was a longer access drive, we would encounter Timber Hill. Friends told me our car would never negotiate this notoriously rocky and steep section.  I decided to try Stony Pass.  At the top, the car spun out, lacking the power to negotiate a final, steep turn.  I backed up as far as possible and made a run at it—same result.  I tried again. Ditto.  Last chance.  I had the family disembark and remove the four backpacks.  Five hundred pounds made the difference, with wheels spinning and rocks flying, I reached the top.   I noticed the temperature gauge was alarmingly high, but it is all downhill from here, I concluded.  

We reloaded, drove over the pass, and were faced immediately with a longer and steeper downhill turn on the other side.  I knew we could never ascend Stony Pass from that side.  There was no choice now but to continue to the trailhead at the abandoned mining area of Beartown.  We would do the hike and worry about Timber Hill in a week.

First, however, we had to cross Pole Creek.  It was not running particularly high, but we did not have a particularly adequate vehicle.  I inspected the creek.  We had no choice but to go for it. With water splashing along the running boards and up into the engine, we made it across.   We drove as far as possible on the Beartown road and parked our little Stanza next to a cadre of Jeeps, Scouts, and Broncos.  I looked at my watch. We had driven about twenty miles in two and a half hours.   

We were not at the trailhead. After walking the jeep road for a while, I spied a good trail heading the right direction.  After climbing three or four hundred feet, the trail disappeared into a patch of willows.  We could find no sign of Hunchback Pass; our hike’s first landmark.
Maps indicated the trail had to be directly south, so compass in hand, I led us through the willows and intersected what I thought was the correct trail.  It was not.   We were further south than I expected.  Instead of the Vallecito Creek Trail, we had encountered the Continental Drive trail and were going the wrong way.  After correcting the error, we camped at Clark Lake, miles from where we had expected to be. 

The next day, we completed the lengthy hike to Rock Lake passing West and Middle Ute Lakes with distant views of the Rio Grande Pyramid and the Window.  At Rock Lake, the mountains greeted us with thunder.  We retraced our steps slightly to camp in a flat sheltered area.  

From Rock Lake’s shore, our self-proclaimed Half-Moon Pass and Peters Peak (13,122 feet) frame the view to the south/southwest.  The Roell Creek drainage with access to Lost and Hidden Lakes is obscured.  Distantly, to the Northeast, the skyline is dominated by the diamond shape of the Rio Grande Pyramid.  I crawled into my sleeping bag with anticipation, Tomorrow! Lost Lake!  In the morning, we methodically approached the hike one section at a time.  Mary and I were exultant at Half Moon Pass, having returned to this remote location after 15 years.  We viewed Moon Lake far below, where we had camped in 1976 and 77.  That was to be our alternate destination if we found the route to Hidden and Lost too difficult. There must have been fifteen tents—a boy scout troop, perhaps. But we could see an achievable saddle between Mt Oso and Peters Peak. The Roell Creek drainage was just beyond.

(Saddle separating Roell and Rock Creek Drainages.)

After taking photos, we departed the cairned route and aimed for the saddle.  There appeared to be a deep ravine in between, but no, once we approached, we easily traversed a shallow drainage until we beheld the rocky saddle above.  We observed that with care, we could mostly ascend from one grassy spot to another.  Two parts done!  Well, let’s see what’s on the other side! 

We peered down the Roell Creek drainage.  These lakes are tough, I thought.  We had just climbed from a campsite at 11,800 feet to a pass at 12,800. Then we descended five hundred feet and reclimbed to a saddle at 12,500.  The route below was steep and rocky, but there were willows and grass patches in between.

What was discouraging was how far we had to descend.  Lost Lake was on our left, as was a towering cliff.  Next to the cliff was talus.  A steep, tree-covered slope was apparent at 11,400 feet.   Mary avoids talus; hence, the latter was our choice. We descended, as did the clouds.  

We all noticed a different ambience on the other side of the pass. It was pristine.  No trail. No cairns.  No one had removed lower branches from trees for campfires.  It was primeval.  

We climbed hand-over-hand, tree-to-tree, up the steep slope.  It leveled out. There was a stream rushing through a wet meadow.  We continued. Suddenly, over one more slight rise: Lost Lake! I hugged Mary and we shed tears as fifteen years dreaming about this lake washed away.  So many times, I wondered while taking care of small children and during our sojourn in Missouri, would we even backpack at all, much less this?

Yet, it was raining. We set up our tents and climbed inside.  I impatiently listened to the rain. It was not intense.  I have waited fifteen years to come here, I thought. I am not spending it in the tent. I donned raingear and accompanied by Adam, went fishing. Those cutthroats hit everything, including an old, hammered spoon I had owned for twenty years and had never caught a fish.  While we fished, hail fell straight down, creating a vertical splash as if the lake’s surface was covered with thousands of silver springs.   Eventually, the sun broke through.  The mirrored surfaces of the granite peaks glistened in the sunshine.   

We had a wonderful time, but the weather never cleared, not the rest of that day, nor the next when we worked our way across a mile of talus to view bigger and likely deeper Hidden Lake.  Wind and hail abbreviated our visit.   

That evening, I told Mary I hoped to catch and eat fish before we left in the morning, but if the weather were threatening, we would leave quickly. She said, I hope it is an easy decision

At first light, we could not see the peaks around us.  The clouds lifted momentarily. Now we could see.  Snow!   We knew the trailless passes we had to climb over would be wet and slick.   We were fearful of climbing so high.  We decided to bushwhack down Roell creek.  

We had to descend three thousand feet in less than 2 miles.  It meant slogging through soggy woods interspersed with wet, slick boulder fields while it rained and hailed.   There was quite a lot of deadfall, but the biggest problem was how slippery it was. We stumbled numerous times.  I wrote later of Mary and her hatred for boulder fields and talus: Mary slowed the rest of us but really—how many women in their mid-forties did I know that could have done this?  She did great-just slow and careful. 

After four hours we reached the valley bottom where we encountered a swamp.  We had to wade and though the rain had stopped; we were now even wetter than before.    Of course, the rain started again once we intersected the Vallecito Creek Trail.  It rained so hard; we gave up trying to ford creeks and just sloshed through them.  Mary wanted to hike out, but I did not think we could make it by dark and I did not want to cross 12,500-foot Hunchback pass in stormy weather.

We stopped at Stormy Gulch, started a fire, and dried out.  The kids sang camp songs, and we roasted socks. The next morning was bright and clear, and we routinely hiked to our car.   As we approached, Ann said, oh, look there’s a marmot,” as one dashed away from under the vehicle.  I thought this odd, but not troubling until I tried to start the car.  I had plenty of battery, but the engine would not start.  I peered underneath.  I smelled gas but could not see leaking fuel.   I asked Mary to try and start the car while I looked underneath.  Gas spewed from the supply hose.  Several inches of it were chewed.  It was not reparable.

I learned later marmots chewing hoses and other undercar parts was common. According to the National Wildlife Foundation: No one knows why they do it.  It could be that they are trying to supplement their diets–after weaning in early summer–with the crusty mineral deposits often found on engine parts.

We were stymied.  Miles from a paved road.  I looked at the torn hose and suddenly thought of our water filter.  It had eight to ten inches of plastic hose. Could I use it for a splice?  Remarkably, it was a perfect fit.  I started the car.  I was concerned because I had used all the tubing.  How long would that piece of hose last?  

Timber Hill was as steep and rocky as advertised, but our little car’s high clearance and small wheelbase saved us.  By going slowly and carefully, I could maneuver around the big rocks and steep holes.  I did little but ride the clutch and brake as we rolled downward.  

It was amusing to see the incredulous faces of the riders and drivers as they passed us going uphill.  It was Sunday afternoon in the middle of the tourist season. I must admit to feelings of superiority as we passed Texans (I presumed, if they were in rentals) in their Jeep Wagoneers, Ford Broncos, and Chevy Blazers.  

It was late afternoon when we emerged onto pavement. I had planned to stop for a replacement hose but where on late Sunday afternoon?   Nothing was open. We drove non-stop, straight home. We pulled into our driveway and unloaded the packs.  Afterwards, the car would not start when I attempted to put it in the garage.  The little plastic hose from the water purification kit had finally disintegrated.   

We returned to Lost Lake five years later in 1997.  I now owned an authentic 4wd vehicle and could drive to and park at the correct trailhead.  This time we used the Vallecito Creek Trail and were able to hike to Rock Lake the first day and enjoy the entire hike.   The trail is mostly under 10,000 feet. It was exciting to hike among so many peaks exceeding 13,000 feet and then view Sunlight and Windom which exceed 14,000 feet. 

Rock Lake is attained via a four-mile ascent from the Vallecito Creek trail.  As the trail climbs, the view to the right is of a gray cliff-face.  Water rushes down at one point from the Annie Lakes, a name we enjoyed because of our daughter.  The broad visage of Buffalo Peak looms over the ascent.

We endured hard rain in the early evening but woke to a clear morning.  I again marveled at being on Half Moon Pass, thinking of that first time, now twenty years previous.  As before, we avoided the talus approach to the lake and used the steep descent into Roell Creek valley.  (The next two times I journeyed to Lost Lake, we climbed the talus and found it solid and faster.) By the time we arrived, it was raining and as my journal noted, it just kept raining.   Fishing was interesting—time after time, the fish lazily followed our lures, but there were no strikes.  Once, there was a brief flash of sunlight and suddenly all three of us had a fish.

The rain continued.  Lost Lake is at 12,000 feet.  Because of the difficult access, an early season trip is impossible because of snow, and by the time the snow melts, it is the rainy season.  I had planned to climb Mt Oso but gave up the idea because of the weather.  We could stand only so much tent time and often went out in the rain. There is a promontory that hangs over the valley and gives a wonderful view of the ragged skyline to the west—Sunlight, Windom, and others.  One evening was beautiful as the clouds cleared and the peaks were bathed in Alpen glow.   

We had planned to stay a fourth day, but everything was so wet, we decided to leave.  Our plan was to fish for breakfast while Mary packed up camp.  We planned to return to Rock Lake and depart through the Ute Lakes country, spending the last night at Middle Ute Lake. 

About 1AM it began to rain and rain and rain harder.  The inundation did not slow until after 5. At about seven, I unzipped the tent to a depressing sight.  The fog was so thick, we could not see ten feet.  Our gear was soaked.  Our spare clothing had gotten wet through the packs.  Even though our camping spot was on higher ground, it was now a bog.  Through it all, White-crowned Sparrows continued to sing.  I will always associate their cheerful songs with the beauty and sogginess of Lost Lake. There dee de de du dee up and down the scale just continued.   

We had been determined to avoid Roell creek, but once we descended from the lake, the deluge began anew.  Everyone agreed going higher with possible snow on the exposed passes was a bad idea.  With a heavy feeling of déjà vu, we fashioned walking sticks and began to descend the Roell Creek drainage again. 

I did not want to subject Mary to the talus-laden rocky ridge top we had traversed the first time. The deep green shown by the topographic map for the slopes of the canyon deceived me into believing they were uniformly tree-covered.   Traversing a forest with deadfall would be difficult, but I reasoned that we would avoid the boulder fields that had slowed us so much the first time.

There were trees—here and there.  Mostly though, I had led us on to loose talus on steep slopes, with occasional exposed cliffs—much worse terrain than the previous time.   We slipped frequently, but no one fell.  We could not see far enough ahead to select the best route.  The steep hillsides were one thing, but we had to cross ravines where all the rock was unstable.  We had been above this the last time we departed Lost Lake. Because we had accessed the slopes while lower in the drainage, attaining the ridge top would have entailed a steep climb up loose talus. No one wanted to do that, so we continued to traverse slowly, never walking on level terrain, as the hail, rain and sleet continued.  This is when I began seeing in my mind’s eye newspaper headlines about my family’s tragedy.   

Finally, we achieved a downward incline heading west.  Finally, each foot could be at the same elevation as we traveled.  What a relief!  Later, I wrote in my journal: no matter what the weather, if I go back, I’m never descending Roell creek valley again.  We still had to wade thigh deep through beaver ponds, but at least the danger of falling was past.  

Six hours after we started, we collapsed at the first flat area we found once we intersected the Vallecito Creek Trail.   We built a fire as the weather cleared.  We had two mostly dry sleeping bags and one mostly dry tent; the larger one that had been shared by Ann and Adam. We spread out anything partially dry for a ground cloth, and the four of us huddled together sharing the two dry bags as blankets. 

The next morning, we had ten miles to hike to the car.  We had been unable to start early because of fatigue and wet gear.  We hiked slowly.  There were occasional memorable views.   The clouds blended into the peaks, never lifting completely, giving the appearance that the rocky summits kept rising as if they were 20,000 feet high not 13,000.  

It rained all day, but we were able to cross Hunchback Pass in drizzle and mist rather than thunder and lightning.  On top of the pass dark skies closed in.  We skipped a planned stop for cooking supper and hurried to the car. 

At our vehicle, I was relieved to see no signs of a marmot.  We drove out of Beartown and arrived at Pole Creek where a couple was waiting with an ancient International Scout. With all the rain, the creek was roaring.  I would have turned around if we had been alone.  The couple thought the same.  They had not wanted to ford the raging creek without help nearby.   They had a rope with which the driver believed we could pull out a drowned vehicle.  After explaining, they jumped in the rusty old Scout, splashed deeply, and chugged out the other side in a cloud of steam.  

The driver stopped and threw up the hood. He yelled back he had bent his fan blade.  I learned later that as I was yelling back and forth with him, my family, after seeing how the Scout had fared, had agreed, I would never try it.  I was already on my way when they began screaming. For a second or two it was easy and then the front end plunged into a trough. There was a frightening moment as water splashed over the hood and on to the windshield. 

But I could feel the rear wheels push the front ones from the hole and then the front wheels pulled us out. We had made it!  Steam was everywhere. Water was inside our vehicle, but we had no damage.  Not so for the poor folks in the Scout—their bent fan blade had punctured their radiator.  The leak was slow. They had extra water containers and said we should go ahead. They were confident they could slowly make it to Silverton.   

We arrived in Silverton about 8:30. Starving, we entered a restaurant. The kids were embarrassed by our condition. I had no other clothes or shoes, but no one said anything, and we ate heartily.   We arrived home after midnight.  I wrote later: It is hard to close the book on a trip like that. Was it fun? Was it an ordeal? Would I do it again? It was wonderful to be in the mountains and be able to succeed. But, next time, I want sunshine!”  

I returned twice more. The next year, I returned with Adam and one of his swim team members.  Adam’s friend, although in good condition, was not accustomed to backpacking. He struggled and did not appreciate being watched over by the Guardian (13,617 feet), the rest of the Needles, the beautiful little cascade falling from the Annie Lakes or the beauty of Peters Peak. 

(View from the Vallecito Creek Trail.)

At Rock Lake, we learned the trip would not be without incident. Due to confusion with gear having been lent and re-packed, I did not have my tent.  The three of us had to cram into the small tent the boys had planned to share.  The only way we could fit was with six-foot-three 200-pound Adam in the middle.  He slept soundly but tossed and turned relentlessly. It was a long night.  Why did I not sleep outside? It was raining! 

In the morning, we headed up the now familiar pass with all the customary sights: Rio Grande Pyramid, the Window, then Moon Lake and all the mountains beyond. This time we scrambled up and over the talus without descending below tree line and saved an hour or more attaining the lake.

(Half-moon Pass with Rio Grande Pyramid in the far distance.)

Unlike his friend, Adam stayed with me stride for stride, never complaining. At the lake, I lifted his pack and could not believe it.  He had carried the tent, their food and nearly all their gear just to stop his friend from complaining.  What a powerful son I have, I thought. 

Fishing was lousy this time and frustratingly, it began to rain in the early evening. The boys retreated to the tent to read.  Not wanting to cram into the tent, I tried to find places under vegetation to read and keep dry.  Ironically, I was reading Van Dyke’s classic The Grand Canyon of the Colorado.  Reading about hot and dry country did not help.  I became too wet and had to join the boys inside.   

It was another long night, but the morning was bright and clear.  I wanted Mt Oso.  I took breakfast bars, homemade logan bread, and started early.  I had seen a crack on the southeast side of the basin that accessed a definite chute leading up to Mt Oso’s southeast ridge—the proper route according to my thirteeners guidebook.   

As I climbed, I was reminded of the adage: A rolling stone gathers no moss—or lichen either.  None of the rocks I was climbing on had lichen—they were constantly, albeit slowly, on the move.  I would perch on a boulder or slab large enough not to slide with my weight added.  Then I would look for another and sprint spider-like over smaller and lighter rocks until reaching the next one large enough to hold me. I would catch my breath and repeat.  

As I continued upward, the route consisted of one-foot-diameter- sized rocks at the angle of repose. I crawled, slipped, stood up, slipped, walked, and slipped.  It was the longest stretch of talus I have ever done where the rocks were comparable size, and the angle of the slope did not deviate.  I was relieved to reach the summit ridge.

The ridge dropped off shear on the east and I realized I had been viewing Oso’s profile when I had been at Moon Lake.  Although steeper, the ridge’s foot and handholds were solid, and I scrambled to the top in minutes.  The summit was about twenty-five feet long and two-to-four feet wide.    

I enjoyed the beautiful morning from the top for more than an hour.  The view encompassed the vast meadows of the Ute creek country backed up by La Ventana and the Rio Grande Pyramid.  There were the usual familiar peaks for me to pick out: Sneffels, Redcliff, Uncompahgre, and El Diente. I love this country!

The descent was slow.  I was constantly bracing, often relying on the friction of the seat of my pants.   The chute to Lost Lake basin was treacherous.  I could hear water running under as I slid, sat, and walked down.  It had taken slightly more than two hours for the climb and an hour and a half for the descent.  I had climbed Mt Oso! —something I had thought of since 1977 and had missed on two previous trips to Lost Lake.  I was exhilarated.

The weather remained fine.  (We were due!) I was able to sleep under the stars at 12,000 feet. With continued clear weather, we could return the way we came.

As we bypassed the Lost Lake drainage on the talus and worked our way down to Roell creek.  I realized attaining the pass over to the Rock creek drainage was formidable.  Our choice to depart via Roell creek on those other trips was not unreasonable.  In retrospect, the bad choice was to depart on such harsh weather days.  We should have simply hunkered down.

After dropping into the Flint Lakes’ drainage, we stopped for lunch.  I wrote of the view: a dark gray rain cloud is hanging over Half Moon Pass.  Immaculate white clouds are billowing behind, shimmering in the sun. Below lies Rock Lake, its rippling, sun-dappled surface appears as if paved with diamonds.  Mt Oso and Peters Peak stand to the near west with the Needles extending to the far west. Turning the other way, I gaze at La Ventana and the Pyramid. The way the clouds and light play all around is mesmerizing.

The trail, however, was awful, badly braided and chest deep in places.  It was not full of water now, but water erosion was the probable reason there were so many parallel trails. How bad will this be when Adam is my age? I thought.  I suspect it will be a wide, barren, muddy slope.  Our walk to West Ute Lake was a long one, but fish were rising, and we soon caught several.  I slept outside again, but howling winds contributed to a long night.  

Fifteen years later, I made my last trip to Lost Lake.  I was sixty-four and recognized that my time for such trips was dwindling.  My companions were Adam and my son-in-law Ryan.  I enjoyed not being in charge. Let the two strong young men lead!  The weather was pleasant.  On our first evening, a Bald Eagle soared over the ridge above and with a sudden dive, plunged into the lake for a fish.

(My last view of Lost Lake.)

On our final afternoon, we hiked to Hidden Lake. Were there fish?  We had never had the opportunity to find out.  I quickly had a strike, but the fish threw the hook.  Meanwhile, Ryan caught the brightest orange trout I have seen.   It had almost no fins—apparently, they were worn off against the rocks.  The fish was ancient.   How long since Hidden Lake had been stocked? How often did anyone catch a fish from it? Hidden Lake does not have an outlet stream for spawning; this fish appeared prehistoric.   That evening, Ryan expertly cleaned and baked the fish on a bed of coals.  I have eaten many trout, none more flavorful.

*Gebhardt, Dennis. A backpacking guide to the Weminuche Wilderness in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado. Basin Reproduction and Printing Company. April 1976

TOMORROW NEVER COME

He was as obese a human as I have ever seen.  His “belly slab” extended well below his waist, as well as several feet in front. 

He was wearing a dark blue speedo. 

I took the photo anyway. 

Later, as I viewed my record of the man’s physique, my thoughts, initially of humor, progressed to compassion.  What a dreadful burden for the poor man! Yet, there he was sunbathing on the beach in Matala, Crete.  Nearby were topless beauties that I did not dare photograph, as well as many other bodies somewhere in between. 

I wanted the photo, not because of the obese man but because of the sloppily hand-lettered slogan on the wall above. There, in big blue letters, someone had written: WELCOME TO MATALA, GEORGE.  Below that, it said, TODAY IS LIFE.  TOMORROW NEVER COME.  Thanks to photoshop, that photograph, sans the obese man and the greeting to George, is on my wall.  

TODAY IS LIFE. TOMORROW NEVER COME. 

Isn’t that just another way of proclaiming the value of mindfulness, living in the present moment?  I try to do so and have always found it difficult.  I learned on this trip; it is easier for me to be present when surrounded by many scantily clad young women.  Could hedonism be the true path to mindfulness and enlightenment?  I doubt it.  As one of my favorite writers, Joseph Wood Krutch noted, “faster music and stronger wine pay diminishing returns.”

Mary and I were fortunate to visit Greece, twice within a period of three years.   

I have said many times, I cannot believe we have not been back.  We loved everything. 

Homer’s “wine-dark sea,” although lacking the diversity, is as beautifully clear as waters of the Caribbean and Hawaii.  As in those places, Greece is striking for the contrasts of ancient and modern, devout, and profane, but the divergences here are startling, the juxtapositions more likely to shock.   That fat man, the nudity, the natural beauty of the sea and cliffs, the history of violence, the antiquity— the totality of it all moved me.

And we loved the food!  Bread baking is one of my hobbies.  Greeks invented bread. The many bakeries were all different; each having their own wonderful rustic varieties. On Mykonos, the proprietress told us the starter was 80 years old and the oven had been used for at least two centuries.   

The other food tradition is freshness.  Menus showed little variety, but the fruit, vegetables and seafood were fresh from the garden and the sea.  I also enjoyed the after-meal tradition of a shot of Raki—a firewater made from fermenting what is left over after harvesting the grapes.

Something that separates Greece from any other area we have traveled is that a portion of our second trip included my dad and stepmother.   Adult children traveling with their parents is not unusual, but I struggle to find the words to convey how unusual it was in this instance.  

My own mother died young from breast cancer.  Dad had a small shoe store.  Vacations were non-existent.  Their plan, my mom had told me, was to sell out while they had a lot of time to do things such as travel.  I lived and worked a thousand miles away.  I could only imagine the day-after-day ordeal of radiation and chemotherapy and the drugs used to counter the side effects.   It was three years of relentless, painful, and ineffectual treatment.  

Once, mom showed me a wad of bills in her bedroom drawer.  They had to keep at least a thousand dollars so she could be admitted when they had to make emergency trips to a St Louis Hospital.  They had no health insurance.  Fortunately, in the 1970s, catastrophic health care costs could be borne by people as thrifty as they were.  

Mary and I often thought of the thwarted travel plans of my parents.  We were determined not to wait.  Just in case! Indeed, we were 50 on our first trip to Greece, the same age as when my mom died.  

Subsequently, Dad married his own Mary, known as “Dad’s Mary,” not to be confused with my wife, “Nic’s Mary.” Highland was small.  Although Dad and Mary had not closely socialized in their original marriages, they had many mutual friends and Mary and my mother had known of each other their entire lives.  

Dad’s Mary had suffered the horror of watching her husband die of ALS.  On rare occasions, she would speak of some aspect of those horrible days.  For an extended period, she was unable to have more than two hours rest because she had to arise and clear Charlie’s airway.  

Dad was Roman Catholic and Mary attended a Congregational church.  A priest and a minister jointly officiated their marriage service.  One of them stated how both had enjoyed the richness of previous marriage.  Indeed, they had, but they also shared the common experience of watching their partner suffer a prolonged and painful death.  Both needed a companion.  

Once they married, the only thing a few on our side of the family lamented was that Dad’s Mary did not want to travel. She was so reticent about going anywhere that when they married, we marveled at the preposterously low number of miles on her car.  How did they end up going to Greece with us? 

I was passing near my hometown on business travel and had stopped for a short visit.   We were sitting at the dinner table.  I remarked about our recent trip to Greece. Surprisingly, Mary said, I love Greece!  She re-counted that while Charlie was dying, she sometimes had a few hours during the day when others cared for him.  She habitually went to the library and looked at books about Greece as an escape.  It was the only thing that kept me going. 

I probably would have bet our house that my casual, unconsidered response would not meet with assent.  Would you go to Greece if Mary and I took you and Dad?  She nodded vigorously.  Dad jumped in, Would you really?  In a heartbeat! she said.  I called my wife and said, we are going to Greece.  That was the second trip.

On our first, we were accompanied by well-traveled friends and considered it a 30th anniversary celebration.  Mary and I had already traveled numerous times to Mexico and Central America, but this trip would address my wife’s dream of travel to Europe; her first planned trip having been precluded by our marriage.  

Initially, we visited Athens for the Acropolis and the museum.  Some famous features disappoint.  Not these!  We have amazing technology, but I wonder whether we will leave anything for future generations that can rival the ability of the ancient Greeks to construct such edifices and create such art. 

I lament that “being educated” no longer requires the classics, which to me include the stories of Ancient Greece and Rome.  I was fortunate that a mentor suggested I read Bullfinch’s Age of Fable when I was in my early teens.  In college, literature classes still required the Odyssey and the Iliad.  I had read these as a teenager and been so enthralled, I read Virgil’s Aeneid and the plays of Aristophanes.  We call these “ancient myths,” but they are not so different than what many believe today, as described so aptly in Joseph Campbell’s The Hero’s Journey.  The ancients understood the human ethos.  Studying them is studying us.  We should do both.

Lit up by an orangish glow, the Acropolis at night is magnificent, especially coupled with the realization of how many generations it has inspired.  We could see it from the room in our small hotel.  We could also see and hear a discotheque positioned just below.  

Surrounding the Acropolis is a mixture of modern-day curio shops adjacent to ancient columns and structures.  Private dwellings are interspersed; some utilizing ancient walls.  How often do the residents think about their ancestors who have sat where they now sit?

And sitting is something locals do.  They sit with iced coffee for hours.  I would notice a group as we passed by on our way to one of the sights.  An hour later, when we returned, they were still there.  Did they have jobs?  At least I quickly recognized this was the “way,” in Greece.  Unlike my dad, who never accepted it.

This custom of sitting for lengthy periods both before and after meals was something that required acclimation.  Dad routinely insulted waitstaff by demanding menus and the check and change.  

Poor Dad found many things strange.  Our first hotel had an unusual elevator, tiny, with doors that had to be opened and closed manually.  I sent Dad up with some suitcases with instructions to send the elevator back to me.   After waiting too long, I ran upstairs and found Dad pushing buttons bewildered that the elevator would not move. What happened? I asked.  Well, it stopped, but it wouldn’t let me off.  I wanted ‘off’ so that’s the button I pushed, but I had to pull the doors open myself.

Unfortunately, our visit with Dad and Mary was at the time of the US invasion of Iraq and a year before the Olympics. Not only was the US unpopular but many Greeks felt the expense of the Olympics was unconscionable with so many unmet domestic needs.  The streets of Athens were full of construction rubble and heavy equipment.  All the temporary walls and construction fences provided ample space for graffiti denouncing the US and President George W. Bush.  

As we walked to the Acropolis with Dad and Mary, we encountered a middle-aged woman sweeping her home, the back wall of which was ancient.  Immediately, in broken English, she remonstrated us and the US for the war.  She wanted to know why we could not be like the rest of the world and work for peace.  We could only shrug and apologize.  Later, we were reminded in several shops that not only the war, but climate change was our fault.  I decided we should say we were from Windsor, Ontario.  Being only 2 miles from Detroit, it was something we could easily pretend.

We received another earful the next day on our drive to the airport, which required extra time because strikers blocked the highway.  The cab driver let us know that Americans only cared about money and that the Iraq War’s only purpose was to enrich multinational corporations and to control the oil supply.  

Many of my fellow citizens believe in “American Exceptionalism,” and as Reagan said, that America is, and always will be, a shining city on a hill.  That sounds nice, but any traveler who meets with regular people in other countries, knows it is not true.  Anyway, no one ever actually threatened us, but we were all bothered, especially Dad’s Mary.  

Later at Frangokastello on Crete, our rooms were adjacent to a tavern.  We had been conspicuous that afternoon and evening. During an uncharacteristic cold rainstorm, we had played euchre, my hometown’s traditional pastime, at one of the tables and then stayed for dinner.  The late-night din, which included some angry shouting, carried into the parking lot.  Mary believed it was directed at us. That was unlikely. Besides, by then we had told everyone we were Canadian.

Our walk to the Acropolis with Dad and Mary took forty-five minutes because Dad asked for frequent rests.   He was nonplussed that his Mary was finding it easy.  He had always insisted his frequent golfing habit was good exercise.  I suggested that the cart and the ubiquitous six-pack probably did not help his cardiovascular condition.  Because we were arriving later than expected, I noticed something strange.  Where were the tour buses and milling crowds?  Then we saw the sign. A strike had been proclaimed.  No one was working!  No one was going to ascend the Acropolis today. My Mary and I were devastated.  This was THE place!  We thought it was the most important site to visit. Dad and Mary seemed fine.  I was incredulous.  The trip had been planned for nearly a year. We were flying to Crete the next day.  

There was nothing to do but visit the Odeon of Herod, Hadrian’s Arch, and the rock where the apostle Paul preached.  There was also time for Dad and I to sit and talk while the Marys shopped.  We had a great day.  The next day, with the assistance of a special early breakfast provided by our hotel, and the hiring of a taxi, we managed to squeeze in a sufficient tour of the Acropolis before leaving for the airport.

On our first trip, we timed our Athens sightseeing to see the famous changing of the guard.  I am not going to describe the ceremony; it is easy to view on YouTube.  A Greek soldier who receives the high honor of being one of these guardsmen is obliged to wear an outfit I can only describe as silly, pom-poms on the shoes, white tights, and a little white skirt, etc. (Look it up!). Then they perform a high-stepping walk, often showing flashes of their undergarments. Not being much for pomp and circumstance, it reminded me of Monty Python’s “Ministry of Silly Walks.” (You can look that up too!).  In between changes, the guards must stand motionless to be stared at, teased, and photographed by tourists.  It is one of those “must-see” events that is “must-see” only because it is “must-see!”

That first trip included several islands: first Mykonos, then Santorini and finally Crete.  The reason for Mykonos was not for its reputation as a party island, but because it is the gateway for visiting the nearby islet of Delos.  Delos was prominent in Greek mythology as the birthplace of the gods Apollo and Artemis.  From 478 to 454 BCE, Delos was the Treasury of The Delian League–an association of several hundred city-states dominated by Athens.

Delos is nothing but a rock, but it once had 30,000 inhabitants, an incredible number considering the need to water and provision so many people on a barren island. Not only were they watered and fed but the mosaics and statuary are magnificent, ranging from much larger-than-life lions to giant phalluses.  Who had time for so much sculpture?  How could ancient society afford it?  

As I admired it, perhaps, my scientific training was an aid.  Too few people grasp the enormity of time.  Probably I do not either, not really, but who would not be affected by caressing a 2900-year-old intricate carving in stone.   I thought, all this work, all this time.  It felt sacrilegious that all over Greece were remnants of carvings, and columns and buildings, piled, wasting away in the sun, wind, and rain.  I wanted to find a tarp and protect it.  

I have never felt a connection or passion for medieval times, not even as they evolved into the renaissance.  Maybe it is the idea of the dark ages or the religious conflicts which originated in those days and continue to poison our world, but I am captivated by ancient times, rather, I am amazed.

Much of Mykonos itself was overrun with tourists, but here again, were the incongruities so typical of Greece. The old town is a warren of narrow, curved alleys and sidewalks, seemingly a maze built to test human instead of rat intelligence. It was!  It was constructed this way to make it difficult for pirates to invade.  But now, many of the small caverns in the warren hold high-end boutiques selling jewelry or low-end tourist detritus.  Yet here too, was the two-century old bakery and the beauty of the Mediterranean.

Our hotel looked over a small beach and bay.  Cliffs on the opposite side were attended by numerous Barn Swallows and occasionally Yellow-Legged Gulls.  The clear water glistened and beckoned. I had my snorkeling equipment.  I knew the water was cold, but why not? 

The approach to the water was through the beach and a multitude of sunbathers.  I was briefly distracted.  I thought, The Greeks appreciated beauty.  Inspecting the statuary and marveling at the accurate depiction of the human body is expected.  Why not enjoy authenticity?  She was dark-haired and dark-complected, slim hips, wearing nothing but a thong.  She was lying on her stomach leaning on her elbows talking to some young men.  Her bare breasts were just big enough and perfectly firm.  Her legs were apart, one bent up at the knee.  The thong was both loose and askew.  My glance of appreciation required less time than it did to describe it.  I love Greece!

I braced myself for the cold entry but soon warmed to the beauty of the clear water and occasional sea life.  Species were few.  The creatures were small, but viewing nature is always interesting.   I watched a well-camouflaged fish moving along the sandy bottom.  It had retractable white barbels—a Striped Red Mullet (Mullus surmuletus).  The sudden appearance of the ivory appendages was shocking. Why the color contrast?   Were they white for a reason?  Or maybe they are white because they are usually hidden, and their color is of no consequence?  

I followed as the fish gently stirred up the bottom with those barbels, doubtlessly finding small creatures to ingest.  Another fish, which I did not identify, snaked along casually ingesting the sand.  Then, like a cloud being emitted from its mouth, the sand was expelled in a white puff, the fish no doubt retaining organisms it could use as food.  

I snorkeled at every opportunity, usually seeing the same species, but once, at Frangokastello on Crete, I spied a flying gurnard (Dactylopterus volitans)—a fish with the appearance of a square toad that suddenly sprouts wings.  

Sadly, wild nature in Greece, is mostly extirpated.  Most of the landscape has been eaten to stubs by goats.  Hiking in the gorges, the most common plant was oleander.  Although native, it reminded me of old neighborhoods and abandoned lots in Southern Arizona.  Songbirds were rare.  I remembered the tradition throughout most of Europe of consuming them; likely that was also a Greek practice.  

My most pleasurable natural sightings were the numerous swifts and swallows. I watched nesting Crag Martins fly in and out of seaside caves now shading picnicking revelers.  I considered how those birds and their ancestors have been witness to many human generations and so much change.  No doubt, the Mycenaeans used these caves 2500 years ago and prehistoric man before that.  Crag Martins raised their young here as the Greek civilization attained its apex and fell to the Romans whose empire eventually retracted leaving the seas for the Venetians in the 1400s.  The martins still sail about as multi-million-dollar yachts and thousand-passenger cruise ships pass by.  What will they see in another century?  

I also appreciated the swallows and swifts, especially the latter, in the cities.  The traditional tile roofs, in use here for millennia, provide unlimited nesting and roosting locations.  It was a delight to sit on a rooftop in Chania, Crete, at sunset, the sky full of chirping swifts, filling their bellies before a night’s rest. Is this an instance where humans, by providing so much nesting and roosting, may have enhanced the natural population? 

From Mykonos, we traveled by sea to Santorini, using a high-speed catamaran to Naxos, and from there, riding one of the big slow ferries for the remainder—the best way to arrive at Santorini.  The island is a caldera; a remnant from a massive explosion that occurred in 1625 BCE. Arriving below the great cliffs as the slow ferry chugged along was ideal for appreciating the island’s natural beauty as well as the human impact. The relatively soft volcanic rock serves as a substrate for human occupation.  Much of the cliff face was inhabited. Habitations and buildings on top spill over the sides.  To me, from a distance, it had the appearance of guano.

Our own room was a small cave carved from the volcanic ash.  We had to duck to enter, duck to get in bathroom.  There was no view.  It would have been unacceptable except our friends had the room above us, complete with a large deck that we shared.

Fira, Santorini’s major town, resides in the middle of the caldera’s arc.  Oia, the other major town, could be seen to the north. The island’s lowlands are at the other end of the curve in the south.  Across the water to the west was the remnant of the other large arc of the caldera with a still smoking Néa Kaméni (new burnt island) in between.

Because of its beauty and reputation for shopping, especially for jewelry, the island can be quite crowded.    I wondered, who buys all this jewelry?  Frivolous man! But Santorini is more than the view and the shopping.  There are beautiful beaches.  I have been to several other so-called “red beaches,” but Santorini’s is, perhaps, the reddest because here the eruptions and earthquakes exposed soft, iron rich rock.  

Besides the beaches, there are ancient ruins, well-preserved because they were enveloped by the eruption.  Unlike Pompeii, there are no human remains at the buried city of Akrotiri.  Apparently, the residents recognized what was about to occur and fled, an event thought by some to have led to the legend of the lost city of Atlantis.  

Akrotiri was a Minoan settlement dating from the 5th millennium BCE, inhabited until 1625 BCE when the eruption occurred.  Left behind were spectacular palaces and gorgeous frescoes; two of the most famous being the “Boxing boys,” and “The Fisherman,” a reproduction of which hangs in our home.

After dinner, I watched nightfall from the caldera’s cliffside wall as the others went for a walk.  Next to me was a chapel.  With most travel, there is incongruity of religious symbols and their opposite, but in Greece, the contrast is more striking than anywhere.   Chapels are found on almost every property in the countryside.  They are tucked away on many busy streets.  Next to this one was a shop that specialized in reproductions of ancient sexual symbols and activities.  

Earlier that day, we walked through the old city to see the local museum.  The scenic walk passes through a series of archways where I photographed an orthodox priest in traditional garb.  What must he think, living in such a place? A place where excess consumption is the island’s livelihood.  Besides that, are all the shops with sexually oriented cards, calendars, and books.  His parishioners live off the hordes that come and buy jewelry and go to nudist beaches.  I suppose they just don’t think about it. I tried the door to the small chapel.  It was locked, fitting perhaps.

Back at the wall, I looked about, and I saw cats: slinking in the weeds, ascending the church steps, climbing over the wall onto a nearby balcony.  Greece is full of stray cats. One could think they were the Mediterranean equivalent to sacred cows.  

Finally, the descent of darkness was complete.  Such a contrast from the morning’s brilliance when the sea was a deep sapphire blue, and the white-washed and blue-trimmed buildings reflected soft yellow as illuminated by the sunrise.  Despite all the touristy affectations, Santorini has one of the most spectacular settings on earth.

After visiting Akrotiri, we ascended steep and narrow switchbacks to the top of the caldera to visit ancient Thera.  I again marveled at the industry of people who would supply a complex so difficult to reach. The city was founded by Dorian colonists sometime around the 9th century BCE, although there is evidence of occupation before 2000 BCE.  Here, the wind howled.  The vegetation leaned windward indicating that high winds were the norm.  At least residents would never have tired of the view.

I continued to search for wildlife, as with most of Santorini, there was little but House Sparrows. One small group of trees led me to exclaim I have found the Santorini National Forest.

We descended to a small fishing village.  At first, I thought there were no tourists, but as I examined the crevices and small caves for birds or sea life on our walking descent, I encountered a topless sunbather.  For lunch, I ate dogfish, later learning it was a small shark (Scyliorhinus canicular).  Having no bones, the tasty, but slightly cartilaginous flesh became chewier as the meat approached the back support.  We had ice cream for dessert, purchased from a woman in traditional dress, different from the clerks in the main towns who mostly wore impossibly tight pants with thong underwear.

Both of our trips ended in Crete; the only island we visited with Dad and Mary.  Both times, I was delighted to escape the din and crowding of Athens. The sights there are worth it, but I had enough city.

On our first visit, we spent a night in Iraklion. I was not impressed. Here I saw some of the few wild mammals I saw in Greece, rats and mice running in the streets. 

Being more traditional than the mainland, the contrasts were more dramatic.  We had selected a small outdoor taverna for dinner.  As we sat at our table, a large, new Mercedes arrived.  The parents and children that emerged were wearing expensive, fancy clothing and conspicuous jewelry.  And then, there was the old crone, the matriarch.  She wore the traditional black.  The family treated her with great deference as they entered and selected a table.  

I guessed the old woman was approximately eighty years old.  What had she seen, I thought.  Crete was renowned for its fierce resistance during World War II, followed by a barbarous German occupation.  She would have been a young woman then.  How much violence had she witnessed?  On our second trip, we drove the curvy road to Sougia passing through several picturesque villages with shrines to the WWII dead.  More than half of the inhabitants had been executed in several.  Many of the villages never regained their pre-war population.  We stopped in one and bought lemonade from a jovial old woman dressed in black.  She must remember.  Now, we understood why the Greeks were so anti-war and angry at the US about Iraq.

Noteworthy at Chania’s Naval Museum were the descriptions of German wartime atrocities.  Most of the visitors were Germans.  When we flew out of Chania, we noticed on the airport “board” 14 of 18 flights were direct to Germany and ours to Athens was mostly Germans Did the parents of these tourists commit these heinous acts? We asked a local about it.  He said, the Germans always say they or their parents were at the Russian front. That way there does not have to be a conversation.

Back to my thoughts of the old woman in Iraklion.  The Germans expected to take Crete in a day or two because there were no soldiers, just women, children, and old men.  Instead, they were greeted by farmwives with pitchforks.  They would stab paratroopers as they landed.   Was she one of them? The conquest took three weeks and the loss of elite German paratroopers so great, that Hitler forbade their large-scale use in future campaigns.

My Dad was enthralled with the story of the 10,000 GIs who were evacuated through the Imbros gorge.   Dad’s Mary had a sense of what that must have been like. Those poor frightened boys, she said.  For our part, we sat at the gorge’s overlook and enjoyed a traditional Sfakian Pie—a local delicacy consisting of cheese inside a fried dough, dusted with powdered sugar and served with honey.

Although Iraklion was dirty and sad, the museum and nearby ruins at Knossos are replete with magnificent art, such as the snake goddess, impressive tools such as saws and daggers. The architecture at Knossos included vast cisterns for gathering water; the Minoans were masters of their age.

From Iraklion, we drove to Southern Crete, our quick answer for what is your favorite region in Greece?  On both trips, our initial destination was Matala. The first time we were shocked at the crowd, but it was Sunday. The day-tripper buses soon departed, and all was quiet.  

Again, contrasts!  The cliff adjacent to the principal beach is full of small caves carved and used by the Romans or Early Christians as tombs.  In the 60s and 70s, however, they were inhabited by “hippies,” until kicked out by the church and military.  Now with camping prohibited, and, in truth, a little “shabby,” Matala was our kind of beach—not high end, but with enough amenities to be comfortable. Besides, there was that sign, reminding me, TOMORROW NEVER COME.

Over the hill, was Crete’s eclectic Red Beach.  Set in a small cove, there was evidence of those who lived there in the 60s and 70s.  There were modern carvings of a full-length mermaid, an octopus, finely detailed fish, and more.  There were also nudists.  Nearly everyone was nude including families. I spied a topless mom in a tiny thong throwing a frisbee with her teenage sons.  That was a little much.  Walking back, I saw a Pied Wheatear, black and white with a white rump.  Supposedly, the word “wheatear” is a corruption of the original common English name (white arse!).  

Both times in Matala, we ate at the restaurant Mystical View—an exception to my rule that great views indicate high prices and mediocre food.   We were above the town although we could see it and the beaches below.  We could also see far to the west, down along the coast.  We savored our wine and food as the sun set into the Mediterranean.  And the food? I have a love/hate relationship with seafood. I am reluctant to say it is my favorite because I complain about it so often, but when very fresh, there is nothing better.  Here I had thick, flavorful, sea bream, so fresh it might have been one of those I had seen snorkeling that afternoon.  

When we arrived with Dad and Mary on our second visit, we were excited to partake of the view and food once again at restaurant Mystical View.  There, chalked on a sign, was a note that the special was pasta with fresh mussels.  I love fresh mussels, but with pasta, not so much.  Typically, you are served a plate of spaghetti with something like a half-dozen mussels. Not worth it, in my estimation.  I ordered red snapper and all three of the others ordered the special.  I felt smug when dinner was served.  There were three plates of spaghetti, containing 4 or 5 mussels each.  I told you so, I said, just as the waiter returned with three large bowls heaped with mussels.   Fortunately, it was an enormous amount of food that was freely shared. I ate all the mussels I could. (Why have we never returned to Greece?)

We dedicated the entire next day to ruins and museums beginning with the ancient Minoan city of Phaistos, inhabited from 4000 BCE.  The Minoans were a Bronze Age civilization dating to 3500 BCE, with complex urban civilization beginning around 2000 BCE, and then declining from c. 1450 BCE until it ended around 1100 BCE.  The Phaestos ruins viewed the Messara plain cultivated for 4000 years.

We went to Gortys for the church of St. Titus, where Titus (of Paul’s letter fame) was supposedly murdered.  Here there are Roman ruins, Gortys being the first Roman Capital of Crete.  Under Roman rule the Code of Gortys  was chiseled into the wall, the first code of Greek civil law, considered to be the greatest contribution of Classical Crete to world culture.

From Gortys, on a tip from a local we met in Matala, we stopped to see the Museum of Cretan Ethnology in Vori.  The photographs were frightening. The various displays revealed Cretan eyes burning with ferocious intensity.  Little wonder they fought the Germans with such fury.

It was late, past time for lunch.  There were no signs indicating a restaurant, but there were tables in the small square.  We sat down.  A young man emerged from an ancient building.  We ordered Greek salads that took so long we speculated they were waiting for the vegetables to ripen. Finally, we were served a wonderful salad of tomatoes, feta, and the best tasting olive oil ever, plus great bread.  As we left, the waiter handed Dad four oranges.

Continuing across Southern Crete one passes through the mountain village of Spili. We were so intrigued on the first trip that we planned a night there with Dad and Mary.  The proprietors of the small hotel brought out marmalade and candied orange peel, and treated us like old friends.  While Dad and Mary rested, my Mary and I walked into town and enjoyed local yogurt, honey, and walnuts. We ate by the lion heads—a 14th century construction of the Venetians, consisting of twenty or more lion’s heads spouting water from a spring.  Nearby was a table of elderly men, dressed in traditional farmer’s clothing. Several were flipping worry beads.  If there was a downside to staying in Spili, it was that sleeping late was made impossible by the cacophony of crowing roosters, bawling goats, and the tinkling bells of livestock.  This felt like authentic Greece.

The following morning, we visited the Moni Prevali Monastery. Situated on a high cliffside, the landscape was reminiscent of Northern California.  I thought of the line drawings of wild ocean waves and wind-sheared pines that usually accompany the poetry of Robinson Jeffers.   Signs here again reminded us of how resistant the locals were to invaders.

Dad was enthralled by the beauty of the monastery, the intricate carved wood everywhere, the long-bearded monks, old chalices, and vestments.  He asked me if it was Catholic? I did not explain the history, better for him to not be aware of the enmity between the churches and the reason for their schism.  

Continuing, we made what we expected to be a brief stop at Vamos, because there was a waterway, supposedly good for viewing birds. There was an open table with food on it near where we parked.  A chef showed us a meter-long Amberjack and asked if we wanted to try it.  He thought we were part of a small tour that was arriving.  We were welcomed.  The fish was cleaned and cooked for our inspection with lemon and onions. It was served with “healthful mountain greens” (like radicchio and arugula). Dessert was mascarpone cheese with marmalade and raki.

On both trips we stopped at Frangokastello, where there is a well-preserved Venetian Fort.  Frangokastello had only one place to stay but it was located on a wonderful beach.  The restaurant/tavern had the usual excellent food, this time fish we selected in the kitchen, accompanied by fresh potatoes fried in local olive oil–best fries ever!  During dinner, the owner sat with us. He had lived in both New York City and Galveston, Texas.  He had gone to the US to learn the construction skills to build this combination hotel/restaurant/tavern.  Now, he was lamenting the lack of visitors, blaming it on climate change.   Summer is not the same anymore, he said.  It is too cool and cloudy. The tourists are not coming.  I noticed he was a chain smoker.  On our second visit, he was emaciated and coughing non-stop, appearing as if he did not have much longer to live.  

From Frangokastello, we drove to Chania with a stop at Rethymnon to see a 17th century mosque.  I marveled at the large dome. How did they construct it?  Adjacent was a small chapel where donations were made and wishes granted.  My wish was to return after we had been married 60 years.  That time is approaching.  Now my wish is to continue to have the ability, although I suspect we may have higher priorities.  

In Chania we walked in the old Venetian quarter. The streets were too narrow for vehicles; the buildings were very old.  I spied an elderly lady dressed all in black hanging wash on her balcony.  She beamed when I asked if I could take her photo.  After I took the photo and waved my thanks, she blew me a kiss. 

That first time in Chania, we could not find a place to stay and were directed to a semi-rural, small hotel, with big rooms, and a nice pool.   (We were fortunate to be directed there, because the large comfortable rooms were a refuge when I was struck down by food poisoning on our second trip.) The proprietor suggested we eat at the nearby Taberna Irena, where instead of a menu, we were invited by the matron to come see.  We followed her into the kitchen to inspect what was available and select what we wanted.  The eggplant (aubergine) stuffed with spinach dish I chose was genuinely a home-cooked meal.   

The second time we visited Chania, we reserved rooms well ahead of our trip.  Our hotel was a repurposed 14th century Venetian mansion in an area where cars were prohibited.  Dragging the luggage over the cobblestones was onerous, but the experience was worth the trouble.  

The building was labyrinthine with floors and hallways of different lengths and levels.  Our room overlooked the noisy harbor.  We enjoyed the rooftop view with a bottle of Cretan wine as the plethora of swallows and swifts filled their bellies before roosting for the evening.  Although we suffered the bother of disco music until 4:30AM, we could view the history in the architecture: new and old, Turkish, and Venetian. 

After dinner, we stopped at a traditional taverna.  The owner/greeter wore traditional leather garb including large boots. The occupants, who appeared to be locals, were singing loudly, and had already had too much to drink.  Soon they were dancing. We were invited.  Only Dad declined.  We had arms around each other’s waists. The dance was a skip, then a hop while putting one foot over the other and changing position.  We had a lot of fun and when we tired, one of the men bought everyone a shot of raki.

After delivering Dad and Mary to the airport in the morning, we drove to Sougia.  Following the advice of a young lady from our Chania hotel, we headed “down by the rocks,” and lounged on the beach.  It was private, quiet, and beautiful.  We had a wonderful dinner that apparently caused the awful bout of food poisoning I recounted elsewhere (See: The First Time and More: Learning to be Travelers).  After I recovered in Chania, we returned and a day later transferred to the top of Samara Gorge, which at 20k is Europe’s longest. 

The hike begins with a series of wooden stairs which drop hikers to the bottom of the gorge.  Later, by looking over the beach at the hike’s end and the number of boats which arrived to transport everyone to Sougia, I estimated six hundred hikers.  That was a lot of hikers so I was shocked to read later that there can be up to 3000(!).   

Some of the Germans were noteworthy.  Many were not in shape for such a hike.  They would be florid-faced, red-skinned from the sun, puffing stolidly along but would not stop. Their eyes were ahead or down on the trail, seemingly thinking one foot in front of the other, one more step.  One would never see so many Americans as overweight and flabby hiking more than ten miles. 

Many had inadequate footwear: flipflops, sandals or too light canvas shoes but they would never step aside. The trail was narrow, and the sections where passing was easy were few.  We were frustrated walking slowly behind.  We would watch ahead for a wide space and quickly run past.  None of them ever flinched or slowed down. 

Back at Sougia, we ate at a different restaurant.  I felt fine, sad we had to leave, sad about the lost day.  We had one more morning at the beach. I spent the last fifteen or so minutes simply twirling in the clear water, looking at the rocks, soaking in the beauty–telling myself I had to imprint the view, the ambience, permanently in my mind.  

TODAY IS LIFE. TOMORROW NEVER COME!

Minnesota Misfortune

Picture this: The temperature is zero. I’m sitting in the front passenger side of an SUV parked behind a cement-block, rural, convenience store/gas station. Two women in the back are discussing quilting and viewing photos of same.  The women are oblivious to our guide’s whereabouts.  He is over between two dumpsters on all fours vomiting. * (The husband of one of the women is back at the hotel because he is sick and one of the women was sick later that day.) That was my Minnesota Hawk Owl trip in microcosm.

I did not get sick. I traveled home safely.  Obviously, I wish I had not gone. This was the first time in my life I had engaged in a “chase” for a single bird.  The Northern Hawk Owl is probably the only species for which I would expend so much effort.  I missed it by a single day.

Seven years previous, I had also traveled to Sax-Zim Bog in hopes of seeing one.  Sax-Zim Bog is famous among birders. Located approximately an hour north of Duluth, it is comprised of state and county land with interspersed private parcels.  Birders know it because it can be the best place in the US to see hard-to-find arctic birds such as Northern Hawk Owl, Great-Gray Owl, and Boreal Owl. Snowy Owls, if not found in the bog itself, are regularly found in nearby fields, especially near airports. 

Other species associated with the Arctic can also be found during winter:  Snow Buntings, Bohemian Waxwings, Boreal Chickadees, Common Redpolls and Hoary Redpolls.  Two uncommon woodpeckers occur, the American Three-toed and the rarer Black-backed. Three species of grouse, Ruffed, Spruce and Sharp-tailed, are also present.  Finally, flocks of colorful Pine and Evening Grosbeaks can be abundant.  All these birds attract Northern Goshawks. Duluth Harbor might have Glaucous, Glaucous-winged and Iceland Gulls. So much to see—sounds like Eden to a birder.

But there are drawbacks.  These species are either irruptive, sparsely distributed, or both. The other problem is most are only present in winter and winter in Northern Minnesota is bitterly cold or is supposed to be.

I have extensive history with Northern Hawk Owl or, that is, the promise of one.  When I visited January 9 and 10, 2016, temperatures were as expected: a high of 14 and low of -11 on my first day and a high of -1 and low of -18 on my second.  Those were official temperatures in Duluth, -22 was reported further north where I spent most of my visit.

Birding on the first day, however, was excellent.  I did not perceive until afterward how ridiculously lucky I was.  We drove to Sax-Zim Bog and within thirty minutes, along one of the main roads, was a Great Gray Owl. It was watching and listening over a 10-meter-wide open space between the road and the woods.  We watched its large disc face as it slowly rotated while scanning for the sound of a mouse or vole.  We watched until we had to move on.  No other birders passed.  It was our own Great Gray. 

Great Gray Owl in Sax-Zim-Bog

Living in Colorado with easy access to snowy and cold habitats, other than the owls, most of the birds found in the bog were not of interest.  Indeed, it was humorous when my guide became excited, pointed, and then relaxed. That’s right. you don’t care about a magpie, he said.  Right, I did not care that Northern Minnesota is the eastern edge of the Black-billed Magpie’s range where it is a highly desirable sighting for many.  After a brief visit to the bog’s visitor center, we returned to Duluth, but we were on a mission.

The guide had told me there were two rarities at the lakefront: Gyrfalcon and the near-threatened Ivory Gull.   The Ivory Gull is quite rare in the US, typically only found in the high Arctic, 1,500 miles farther north.  Ivory Gulls are somewhat dependent on Polar Bears, their diet at times consisting of what they can scavenge from a kill after the bear has dined.   Little is known about them.  Never abundant, their long-term survival, considering climate change, is questionable. 

Gyrfalcons are rarely seen in the lower 48.  They are the largest, most powerful, and rarest North American falcon.  Denizens of the Arctic; they hunt over vast expanses of tundra.     

My guide knew I was mostly interested in owls, but he also knew the Ivory Gull and the Gyrfalcon were rarer birds.  He feared one or both might leave, but they had not left yet.  We found the Ivory Gull where it had been for days, and in the company of an Iceland Gull and Glaucous and Glaucous- winged Gulls.  Thirty minutes later we found the Gyrfalcon perching on top of a lakefront grain elevator.  In half of a day, I had already seen four species new to me.  Ironically, the Ivory Gull disappeared the next day and none were seen again in Minnesota for six years. 

As darkness fell, we drove to a shopping mall across the state border into Wisconsin. The shopping mall was adjacent to a large open field, perfect hunting territory for the Snowy Owl perched on one of the light poles in the parking lot.  We were able to drive directly under it for excellent views.  What a great day!  I thought it must always be like this.

Then came the fateful question. What should we do tomorrow?  I had one more day with the guide.  Here is where I erred.  The Northern Hawk Owl was now the only species of owl I had not seen in North America.  What about a Northern Hawk Owl? I asked.  The guide shook his head.  It would be a four-hour drive each way. The chances of seeing it are only about 50-50.  Then he went into a soliloquy about how boring the drive was.  He mentioned how I had not yet seen a Boreal Chickadee. I had also asked about Spruce Grouse, another potentially new species.  My guide enthusiastically talked up the beauty of driving in parts of the Superior National Forest north of the bog.  Surely, we would see both.  I returned to the discussion of the owl.  We can leave at 6AM and have up to four hours to search before we need to return. The weather is frigid, but there are no storms in sight.  Only 50:50, he reminded me while again bringing up the long, boring drive.  He made it clear he did not want to go after a Hawk Owl.  OK, I said, we’ll look for the chickadee and the grouse.

Talk about a long boring day!  We drove through the snowy forest for more than nine hours.  Except for a lunch stop where there were bird feeders, we recorded less than ten birds—not species—total birds!  I did have the briefest glimpse of a Boreal Chickadee, but there were no grouse—nothing but cold, slow driving on back roads. 

What I have omitted is I had another day on my own.  Boreal Chickadees are uncommon and furtive, but as on my most recent trip, were being seen every day at one or more feeders within the bog. I could have, should have, hunted for Boreal Chickadees myself.  Now with a day left and nothing new for me to see at the bog, I followed my guide’s advice to look for an unusual subspecies of Great Horned Owl near Minneapolis.  That quest failed, and I have forever lamented missing the opportunity to search for the Hawk Owl.

Still bereft of a Northern Hawk Owl sighting, it was on my mind when my wife and sister conjured up a family trip to Alaska.  I had never been and suspected I would never return. Consequently, I added on two days to search for Hawk Owls near Fairbanks.

At the same time, one of my birding magazines published an article written by someone from Fairbanks.  I wrote and asked for advice.  He was not going to be in the area but recommended a friend who might be persuaded to help.  After an email exchange, the friend cheerfully offered his assistance and mentioned he would ask another friend to help.  His name I recognized from a recent article in Birding. This was looking good.

I contacted Philip the evening I arrived.  He said he, his wife, and his friend Jeff would pick me up before seven the next morning.  He also had good news.  Other friends had reported two Hawk Owls at a nearby hiking area.  We would go there first.   

The area where the owls had been seen had burned recently.  All around, it was bright pink from fireweed, a primary pioneer plant after a burn.  Hawk Owls prefer recent burns because the now opened area can be easy hunting.  Our hike was interesting. It was new territory for me and there was added drama because my new friends supplied me with bear spray after a brief tutorial on how to use it.  

There were acres of pink Fireweed north of Fairbanks.

The area was busy. Many locals were collecting wild blueberries—everyone watchful for bears.  Singing Alder Flycatchers were a highlight, as were nesting Merlins, but we found no Hawk Owl.

There was nothing to do now but drive.  There are two principal roads north of Fairbanks.  One stops at the village of Circle on the Yukon River.  The other is the famous oil road that crosses the Yukon on its way to Prudhoe Bay on the Beaufort Sea.  Both were good gravel roads.   We drove mile after mile.

If you have not been to Alaska, you might think only of towering mountains and majestic forests. Not so.  Much of the famed Boreal Forest consists of stunted and emaciated Black Spruce.  While my description sounds derogatory, Black Spruce is a survivor, being the only tree that can live in most of its range. 

This terrain is of critical importance for many neotropical species because of the vast quantity of summer insects.   Nonetheless, most of the drive was not scenic.  All four of us the first day, and Jeff and I the second, scanned the treetops as the miles and hours passed. The first day we drove to Circle and back. The second day, Jeff and I crossed over the muddy Yukon for a couple of miles before returning.  

The Northern Hawk-Owl is an apex predator, meaning they usually perch on treetops. They are diurnal.  Finding one is the same as cruising roads wherever you might live looking for hawks.  Unfortunately, many black spruces form a topknot resembling a bird’s shape.  And, of course, the farther away this topknot is observed, the more bird-like it appears.  We scanned these for 16 hours while driving several hundred miles on gravel roads for two days.  No Hawk Owls.  

We saw my first Spruce Grouse, as one ran across the road near Circle.  We found a Sharp-shinned Hawk, which excited Jeff, being much rarer in this country than is a Hawk-Owl.  At the end of the second day, Jeff was shaking his head in wonderment.  Now I am concerned there is a problem with their population, he said.  Oh well.  I had basked in the company of wonderful people who entertained me with amazing stories of their lives in Alaska.  I had seen moose, including a close-by cow and calf, and considerable Alaska landscape, but no Northern Hawk Owl.

Mary arrived late the second day of Hawk Owl driving; the rest of the family members were arriving the following afternoon.  With most of the next day free, there was time for more birding.  The most famous local spot is Creamer’s Fields Migratory Waterfowl Refuge.  Chances of a Hawk Owl were probably non-existent, but I mention the area because it formerly had an expansive boardwalk through a wetland. Not anymore.  The boardwalk was a twisted wreck because melting permafrost caused by rising temperatures has caused so much heaving of the surface soil.  

My friends had advised me to watch the road from Fairbanks to Denali, saying Hawk Owls are often seen.  I inspired my family members with promises of drinks and other rewards if anyone spotted one for me.   We had two vehicles and once the one in front, driven by my brother-in-law, screeched to a stop, and pulled over. Back there, a Hawk Owl, he said. We turned around and there in the distance was a raptor.  Unfortunately, my binoculars proved it to be a Red-tailed Hawk.  It was a good spot, everyone in my car had missed it, but it was not the right bird.  That sighting was the closest I came in and around Denali. I assumed I would never see a Hawk Owl having no plans to return to either Alaska or Minnesota.

But then, two years later, another guide of my acquaintance, announced he and his partner were doing winter trips to Sax-Zim Bog.  This gave me a good contact.  His guided trips were already full.  Check with me in December, he said.  I can let you know if Hawk Owls are being seen.  I checked. There had been a Hawk Owl in the bog.  He suggested I accompany he and his partner for a day while they were scouting prior to their guided trips. 

Chasing a single bird so long, so far, and so expensively is not something I do, but this was a Northern Hawk Owl. And, we had been looking for an excuse to visit family in Illinois.  Why not combine a family trip with a quick side-jaunt to Minnesota for the owl?  Then it became complicated.  Both my sister and brother had planned travel making it difficult to see both and have time for the Minnesota trip. That’s when my guide friend contacted me again, saying there was a last-minute cancellation on his final guided trip of the season. The timing seemed perfect. We could fly to Illinois for family and have enough time before they departed and before I needed to fly to Minnesota.  I wish I had done more homework.

The year 2023 became unseasonably warm on February 8 with a high in Duluth of 46. An all-time daily record of 43 occurred on February 11.  I watched these alarming temperatures from the homes of my relatives hundreds of miles directly south in Illinois.  I arrived in Minnesota on the 13th.  I wore a light jacket.  Rain was in the forecast.  Indeed, it rained for a day before changing to snow. That was enough for the Northern Hawk Owl. 

My guide was confident when we departed Duluth the morning of the 14th. He was genuinely surprised the owl was not on its favorite perch. I was to learn the owl had hunted a small area for approximately two months and was seen every day.  It was tame.  Photographers had beaten down a path by walking under it for closeups.  The last day it was seen was the day I arrived in Duluth, February 13.  

Recall that on my earlier visit, I had easily seen both Great Gray and Snowy Owls, not this year.  Both were present but rarely seen.  In fact, this was my guide’s third group this winter season and the only owl the first two groups had seen was the Hawk Owl. We heard most other guided groups also failed to see Great Gray and Snowy Owls.

What about my group? Well, we found a Snowy Owl—in the pouring rain and were criticized for it.  Rain made looking for other species in the bog too difficult, so we drove onto the Duluth airport property.  From an employee parking area, we found a flock of Snow Buntings and then a Snowy Owl. The problem was, we viewed the owl from a road replete with no parking and no stopping signs.  There was no traffic. We were on a parking lot entry road, but birding etiquette in and near the bog is taken seriously.  Our guide was admonished for reporting the sighting and it was removed from the local list serve.  

Much is made of having proper “etiquette” in and around the bog.  First-time visitors are discouraged from birding alone. One reason is to be courteous to other birders by knowing which side of the road to park on, but the overriding issue is to keep the anti-visitor portion of the populace from reacting.  Residents of the area are anything but homogenous socially and politically.  For example, the birding map for the bog shows a large X in one area where you are asked not to drive. Though the road is public, a landowner is so hostile; it has been deemed best to stay far away.

At another location, the landowners are so welcoming; a port-a-potty has been installed in conjunction with well-maintained feeders. We were warned, however, that when photographing birds at this location, to be sure and not point cameras at the property across the road as those owners sometimes emerge and protest to birders about their loss of privacy.

Once we encountered a flock of Common Redpolls near where there had been a report of the rare Hoary Redpoll.   We were out of our vehicle scanning for birds and photographing one about which we were hopeful.  A large pick-up pulled up and stopped. It was odd because drivers in the area must be accustomed to birders, although we were not at one of the usual birding stops.  A large, bearded man said, what are you up to?  When we told him we were birding, he grimaced, shook his head, and stomped on his accelerator. 

This is a rural area, and the public land is scrambled with private land—plenty of opportunities for certain types of people to become exorcised about strangers who park on the shoulder and look about.  But again, most residents were welcoming.  Most poignant was Augie’s Bog.  Here there is a short boardwalk and a collection of feeders. At the end of the boardwalk is a small box enclosing tiny carved owls.  An explanatory note says the area was set aside to honor Augie, who had died as an infant a few years previously. His grandfather carves the small owls in his honor and requests birders take one as a remembrance.  That was touching, and because I have a collection of owl memorabilia, Augie is commemorated on a shelf in my office.  

As for the Hawk Owl, what about the homework I might have done?  Once home, I looked up Northern Hawk Owls sightings in Sax-Zim Bog.  The steepness of their departure curve was startling.  When present, they are seen until about February 10; a few days later, they are gone. Had I known those details, I either would have found a way to go earlier or canceled.  No Hawk Owl for me!**

 *My companions on the “failed” trip were lovely people that I would happily go birding with again. Our guide was conscientious and knowledgeable. I would recommend him to others and hire him again.

**One year later, but in January, I returned to Sax-Zim Bog and saw a Northern Hawk-Owl.

THE FIRST TIME AND MORE: LEARNING TO BE TRAVELERS

“This looks like Egypt!” exclaimed one of the passengers on the bus.  Mary and I were shocked and surprised by the desperate barrio.  Weren’t we going to a fancy beach hotel?  These were among our first minutes of foreign travel, riding a bus from the airport to our hotel on the Mexican island of Cozumel.  On subsequent trips, buses used an alternate route to avoid the squalor. 

This was our honeymoon after 14 years of marriage.  Our tiny wedding had been on a Thursday afternoon two days before graduation at the University of Illinois.  We shunned graduation ceremonies and departed for Tucson where I had a summer job. We were to begin graduate school in the fall. 

Our previous vacations had been holidays with family or backpacking in the mountains.  This time we were going to the beach.  The idea that this was the first of dozens of foreign trips would have been incomprehensible.  What was most attractive, was being relieved of parental responsibilities by Mary’s parents.  Ann was six years old and Adam four.   Lacking local family, we had not had a single complete day without our children since Ann’s birth. 

The day the arrangements were completed, Mary was wearing a sombrero when I returned from work.  For weeks, we constantly played James Taylor’s “Mexico.”  

Oh, Mexico
It sounds so sweet with the sun sinking low
Moon’s so bright like to light up the night
Make everything all right.

We had been to border towns while living in Tucson but otherwise had never been out of the US.  

Mary always wanted to travel but our decision to marry derailed her planned European trip the summer after graduation.  We had developed skills and interests in being outdoors, especially backpacking.  Now we were to learn that we had a wonderful compatibility when traveling.  Trips reduced our anxiety and tension and put us into mind states that, while accessible, do not persist at home.

The refreshment we feel upon return lingers for weeks.  Soon, we hunger for the next opportunity to share our flexibility and good humor.  Our trips have had occasions of frustration, fright, and anger; including with each other.  But the intimacy developed by working through those times enriches our experience and has become a principal reason we are always planning the next journey. 

That first trip taught us a lot. After viewing the dreadful poverty on the ride from the airport, we entered our hotel’s beautiful, palm-lined driveway.   Our naïveté as travelers must have been obvious.  We were assigned the worst room in the hotel.  There were four or five stories, but our room was in the basement across from the laundry.  There was a slight sewer odor.  It was damp and clammy.  We tend not to complain. We said nothing. 

We savored dinner that evening, our first enjoyment of Mayan Lime Soup and Yucatecan beef.  That night, however, a couple of large cockroaches emerged in our room.  I dispatched them before turning out the light.  

Hours later, I felt an insect crawling.  A three-inch cockroach flew off the bed when I leaped up in alarm. That was enough. We demanded a new room in the morning. They quickly gave us one on the third floor as if they were expecting our complaint.  I wondered if they sized up travelers and tried them out to see if they could keep that room rented because the hotel was generally full.

The next issue was bicycles. We wanted to explore the island without the expense of a rental car.  Besides, we had been admonished to never drive in Mexico.  We went to a rental shop in the small town of San Miguel.  They had bikes, but they were a mess, rusted and with no gears.  They rattled and squeaked but were somewhat better than walking on uphill stretches.  At least we could coast on the downhill.   

The bikes enabled us to fulfill one of our fantasies.  By riding along the coast and inspecting every dirt path that led to the ocean we found a secluded beach. Eventually, we learned taxis were cheap and fast and used them to move around the island. 

A priority on this trip was snorkeling, a new experience for both of us.  The first three days, however, were windy with occasional heavy rain.  Gear was available for use in our hotel’s shallow lagoon, but Mary did not want to try it without the instruction she expected to receive on a guided snorkeling excursion.

We saw a sign in town and signed up.  We checked daily–too windy they said, for a couple of days. Finally, a clear, calm day arrived.  We excitedly boarded the boat but were surprised at how slowly it chugged out to sea.  That morning we had seen people snorkeling in the small lagoon at our hotel but now we were out in the ocean.  Mary was disconcerted.  After what seemed forever, the slow boat stopped.  Our leader put on a mask and fins, stood on the side of the boat and in thickly accented English, said: Snorkel here!  He jumped in.  That was Mary’s hoped-for instruction.  I spent most of our time helping Mary become comfortable with the mask and snorkel.  Here it was deep water. It would have been easier to wade in by our hotel.   We did not enjoy it.

This snorkeling tour included lunch.   The boat pulled up near shore.  There were people tending a fire. Balanced on small rocks was a metal shelf scavenged from a refrigerator. That was the grill for fish and tortillas. There were also rice and beans in random plastic containers.  Were they clean? We wondered. Later we perused a Cozumel guidebook. “Beware,” it said, “of being tricked into a so-called snorkeling tour that employs old slow boats.  The trip will take twice as long and provide little experience beyond a slow boat ride.” We were learning.

Fortunately, we loved snorkeling from the beach and spent hours doing so.  Being a birder, it was no leap at all to be an observer and identifier of marine life.  I bought a guidebook for use on land and another we could use in the water for identifying fish, corals, shrimp and so on.  When the waters were calm, we found that Mary could put an arm around my waist or her hand on the small of my back and we could stay together while I did most of the swimming.   We also learned the advantage of floating still in one location such that creatures we had not seen at first would move.  Two pairs of eyes were better than one!

Back on land we would examine the field guides and write down what we had discovered.  We saw eels, pufferfish, and parrotfish.  Snorkeling at night was also a revelation. Out came the snapping shrimp.  The constant popping sound was fascinating.  Species of fish that hid during the day, such as soldierfish, emerged in the darkness, using their large eyes to find prey.  

We enjoyed snorkeling so much, we decided to become certified as scuba divers.  On a subsequent trip to Cozumel, we did a night dive and learned the importance of selecting the right dive master.  Because of the night snorkeling on previous trips, we had already bought a good dive light.  For this dive, it was just Mary and I and the dive master.  He had a light and gave Mary another, so we were all equipped.  Minutes into our dive, thirty or forty feet below the surface, the dive master’s light went out. I gave him mine and we stayed close but then Mary’s light went out as well and we had to surface.  Now we knew a better check-out of “certified” dive tours was also necessary.

Scuba is an activity we enjoyed and would do again, but we have not missed it after we stopped.  The activity is very gear intensive.  Being fitted and suiting up are annoyingly time consuming. And, as noted, there was the need to secure a trip with a boat and dive master. It is expensive.  The biggest problem, though, was going with other people.  Starting late, waiting at the dock because not everyone has shown up on time, seemed commonplace.

Our worst experience was a drift dive on Cozumel’s famous Columbia Wall, known for its “vast and intricate reef environment.” The dive is known for “all kinds of nooks, crannies, caves, and tunnels, as well as lots of beautiful views into the open water.”  There are “huge coral pillars that can hide large marine creatures such as barracuda and sea turtles.”  We were eager.  This was our most expensive dive to date, also the most challenging and potentially, the most rewarding.   

Drift diving means there are significant currents.  Divers descend to the necessary depth and go with the flow, floating along, viewing the coral wall as it is passed.  The problem with drift diving is that it is difficult for a group to stay together.  When diving in a non-drift area, the boatman can stay over his group, even if there are multiple groups nearby.  If a diver runs out of air, that person can surface and be picked up while the rest can continue their dive.  With drift diving, it is difficult to signal the boatman.  If one person surfaces while the boatman is following the group, that person is liable to surface behind the boat. If the boatman sees them and stops for retrieval, he will have lost contact with the others.   Hence, with the crowded reefs at Cozumel, if one person uses all his air, the dive is over; everyone needs to surface.

Sadly, on our longed-for drift dive, there was an overweight man who chain-smoked and bragged about what a great diver he was all the way to the reef.  Being an out of shape smoker, he used up his air in less than 10 minutes and we all had to surface. We judged that Mary had almost 30- minutes of air remaining and I nearly as much, but we were cheated out of the time by our trip mate. 

Not all our diving experiences were unsatisfactory.  We had learned.  Later, in Hawaii, we carefully selected our trip.  The divemaster insisted on interviewing us to make sure we were sufficiently experienced. He also told us what time the boat was leaving whether we were on it or not.  He only took six divers. We saw other boats with up to thirty. It was more expensive, but it was also a perfect experience. 

While our propensity to minimize interactions with others was innate, these experiences trained us to seek out ways to be on our own as much as possible.  For that reason, we often travel in the off-season or to rustic locations. 

On the early trips to Cozumel, we learned to venture far from our hotel for meals.  We enjoyed new foods and drinks.  Was there a Yucatecan beer we wondered? Leon was a musty dark beer at that time.  It became a favorite.  Let the tourists drink corona, we thought. 

For years, Cozumel was our place. We went there seven times, but it had changed drastically by our last visit in 1992.  During our first visit in 1984, we were able to view the central square on Saturday night as it had been for decades.  Families sat on the benches.  Couples and single youths walked around in circles on display.  It looked and felt like “real Mexico,” to us.  On our final visit there was nothing to see but tourists being bothered by hopeful vendors. 

Our favorite beach area was San Francisco Beach which had the clearest water with the most brilliant white sandy bottom we had ever seen. We always spent most of a day there, floating and enjoying the scenery.  Usually there were less than ten or twenty people at the beach.  Now, in 2023, this once-free beach is a “club” requiring membership or an expensive daily entry-fee.  An internet photo showed four rows of chairs and umbrellas.

On the mainland, we snorkeled at Xel Há–a clear pool at the end of a potholed, unpaved road. Now, it is part of a major resort with a daily entry fee exceeding $100. The same was true of Akumal. Then, a couple of small palapas served a simple lunch of fish, vegetables, and a beer. Now, besides massive hotels, there is a major residential development with high rises and time shares.

Mary and I at Xel Há, November 1985.

On that first trip, we decided to fly to the mainland.  We took a taxi to the airport.  A small green plane was rolled out. We were told to wait.  There seemed to be trouble starting it. Once the engine clanged to life, enough white smoke billowed out that it obscured the plane.  After the smoke blew away, we were waved aboard.  Our heart rates were elevated until the short flight was over.  After that, we always took the ferry. 

We met another couple who wanted to visit Tulum, our primary objective, and agreed to share a taxi. Finding a driver was easy.  Curiously, the driver had the longest curved fingernails I had ever seen.  We did not know enough Spanish to ask why.

That first visit to Tulum anteceded local hotels. There was no entrance fee. No restaurants. There were a couple of local vendors selling handicrafts and a handful of tourists. A quick internet search now yields dozens of hotels. The area is known for gourmet dining. The beach must be cleaned each morning because of copious seaweed caused by polluted runoff and rising sea temperatures. We will not be back.

On one early trip, we also visited Cobá.  It was in the middle of the jungle. We climbed the pyramids by ourselves.  Now, there are hotels.  We returned on our final trip eight years later.  We saw a family in full Mayan regalia.  I wanted a photo.  They wanted money.  It had a totally different vibe. 

Nonetheless, visiting Tulum, Cobá, and the small ruins on Cozumel inspired me to read John L. Stephens’ famous books (Incidents of Travel in Yucatán, Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas, and Yucatán) describing his explorations with illustrator Frederick Catherwood in the 1840s.  Eventually, I acquired and read translations of books written near the time of the Conquest and by contemporary researchers.  We were enthralled with the enormity and mystery of the Mayan civilization, as well as the stories of deprivation encountered by the first European explorers. This led to a lifelong interest and subsequent trips to other parts of Mexico. 

Cozumel also gave us our first occurrence of illness during travel.  This time we were accompanied by friends. We were taking a 20th anniversary trip together.  I remember well the evening we returned to a restaurant where we had enjoyed menu staples of Yucatecan beef or chicken a few days previously.  I felt a need to be different and ordered a fish dinner with unusual seasonings. The others loved their meals.  I hated mine. It was too rich and oily.  The next morning, we were taking the ferry to the mainland. I felt “off” from the beginning.  I probably already had a slight fever.  Then came waves of nausea. We hired a driver to deliver us to Tulum.  In those days, before development overwhelmed the area, Tulum was a fantasy destination for Mary.  She was excited to show the ruins to our friends, visit the beautiful beach, and float in the water that the ruins overlook.

By the time we arrived in Tulum, I needed the bathroom.  There was an old, filthy, tiny facility.  I barred the door and endured a dreadful thirty minutes as my companions looked at trinkets being sold by vendors and ate lunch.  We entered the ruins as I felt better, but the nausea returned.  I told the rest to come back for me when it was time to leave.  I sat on a ridge outside the main area of ruins and overlooking the ocean.  Here I sat and vomited relentlessly into nearby shrubs. 

In between, I sat in the shade feeling no relief because I was burning from fever.  I remember looking down at Mary and our friend Ann floating in the ocean.  My wife’s fantasy had come true. Not mine!  I did not improve during the night.  We had the hotel direct us to a doctor.  As he gave me antibiotics and anti-diarrheal pills, I will never forget him saying, everybody here has some kind of bug. It affects their lives, but they are not familiar with anything else.  A day or so later, I recovered.

My next bout was ten years later in Greece.  Mary and I had dinner at a beach side restaurant in Sougia, Crete.  Nothing tipped us off for what was about to happen. We retired normally but three hours later I woke with the most extreme pain I had ever experienced.  Besides the nausea and fever, I was frightened.   When a wave of the extreme agony washed over me, I asked myself, is this what it feels like to die?

The proprietors of our small hotel called a doctor.  He was alarmed by my pain.  He suggested it might be my gall bladder and sent us to the hospital in Hania, a couple of hours away.  Poor Mary had to drive on the very curvy road as I moaned in the passenger seat–even curling up on the floor at times.  She found the hospital but there were many people in the waiting room.  I was hurting so badly, I writhed on the floor while waiting. 

They put me in a room and inserted an IV.  The young doctors who attended me seemed competent, but they smoked–even in my room.   I was given a battery of tests. It was interesting because the custom was for family members to deliver samples, wait for results, and feed the patient.  The nurse drew blood, gave Mary the sample and indicated the direction of the laboratory.  Mary wandered the halls holding up the vial of blood, using hand signals to ask for directions.  She was told to return at a certain time for the results.  When I was due for an ultra-sound to check my gall bladder, it was Mary who rolled me to the room.  The net result was a diagnosis of food poisoning. 

I was discharged and we were sent to a pharmacy. The doctor there gave me pills besides the prescription ordered at the hospital.  I asked what they were.  She did not speak English. After a pause, she said, this fix what is wrong.  Perfect! I wish we had more medications like that.

Fortunately, we knew of a comfortable rural hotel nearby.  I soaked in a bathtub for hours.  Mary, exhausted by lack of sleep and worry, went to a nearby restaurant and returned with a beautiful Greek salad. The sunset view on the porch revealed a peaceful rural landscape with the Aegean Sea in the distance.  Mary was finally relaxing after such a trying day.  Then she tripped and spilled her salad on the floor.  Her cry of anguish might have matched those of mine earlier in the day.  She salvaged what she could and tearfully ate the remains.  

I woke up the next morning feeling as if nothing had happened.  We returned to Sougia and finished our trip.  Our last hour at the beach is indelible in my memory.  The sea and sky were clear.  I swam into the water alongside a large rocky outcrop and twirled in the water—telling myself, as I have many times since, don’t ever forget what this was like! In retrospect, that experience was worth my frightening illness.

The most alarming physical problem was when I disembarked after an all-night flight to Barcelona.  My usually clear vision was full of “sinkers and floaters.”  A couple of days later, I realized I needed to see a doctor.  We were visiting a friend in the village of Ille-Sur-Tet, France and after calling for advice, she took me to a hospital an hour away in Perpignan.  Over the course of visits on three separate days, I was seen by two ophthalmological surgeons and other doctors. I underwent several exams and eventually had laser eye surgery. 

The retina specialist in Grand Junction later told me he was impressed with the techniques used, that the condition I had was very dangerous, and that they may have saved my sight in the eye.  The cost to me was less than a $100!  Maybe that was outrageous as the treatments in Mexico and Greece had been free.

It may sound like I was always the sick one, but Mary has had more days of foreign illness.  Frequently, for the first days in the lowland tropics, she feels borderline nauseous and has a day or two of impairment.  Nonetheless, we have so much fun that she’s never suggested it was not worth it.

A couple of years ago, Mary inadvertently drank untreated water in Ecuador.  Unfortunately, the attacks began while I was out birding.  She was frantic with pain when I returned.  I asked a few questions and was certain this was what had happened to me in Greece. Instead of being panicked, I could calm her and help her wait it out. Our hosts at the rural birding lodge suggested we visit a doctor, but the pattern was too familiar.  We had learned.  We had brought antibiotics.  Mary felt better the next day and rapidly recovered.

Our experiences with illness are an argument for doing cruises, or other group tours where medical assistance is part of the package.  So far, however, our aversion to crowds is greater.  My dislike of crowds is greater than Mary’s, but she is artful at the careful planning that permits us to pick locations and times that shield us from hordes of people.   There are compromises.  For example, when we hiked Spain’s Costa Brava, it was too cold to swim in the Mediterranean, but our reward was having the trails and beautiful little restaurants to ourselves.  Usually, as in the tropics, the risk of bad weather is increased in the offseason.  Only once has that really hurt us. I recounted that experience in a previous blogpost.

Surprisingly, despite our usual avoidance of travel with others, we were persuaded to organize and lead tours ourselves.  Our frequency of tropical travel had been noted by one of the leaders of the local Audubon society.  He suggested we design and lead birding trips as fundraisers; something we did three times to Costa Rica and once to Ecuador. Those were mostly good experiences but included enough setbacks that we decided four such trips were sufficient.

For instance, we learned that many people do not listen to or read instructions.  We always planned to give people an “out” on long birding days.  Mary was the safety valve. She would return to our lodging or the bus whenever anyone else wanted.  We thought this was communicated clearly. Once, we told our group Mary was ready to return.  Later, a woman began complaining.  I reminded her Mary had already left. I offered to ask our driver if he would take her back to the lodge, but she thought this would make her too conspicuous.  She angrily answered in the negative as she gave me a big shove in the back. Later from her written trip comments I learned I was “clueless.”

But, to me, it is other travelers who can be clueless.  Once, on a commercial birding trip, the guide and arrangements were great, but the range of people was a problem.  One man, from Ireland, was a big-time lister, that is, a birder whose sole intent was adding new species to his life list. “Listers,” such as this man, come in two extreme types. One is passive and barely knows a crow from a dove.  Others, like this man, are excellent birders but are single-mindedly focused on their limited goals.  Whenever we saw a species this man “needed,” he ran to the best viewing location and risked knocking everyone over to be certain to have a view.  Seconds later, he would say top banana, top banana and step back and begin looking for the next bird.

Personally, I like to indulge myself and watch the behavior of new species if only for a short time.  Nonetheless, the Irishman was an excellent trip companion, albeit with an interesting demeanor and attention span.  Unfortunately, there were others on this trip who seemed dense.  Two were so oblivious about making noise at night while owling that our young guide had to take the risk to tell them to shut up and stop moving so much.

On our last morning, as we sat down to breakfast, our guide said our agenda for the day was impossibly full.  I recognized that as code to order the simplest things on the menu so breakfast would be quick. Instead, one woman began explaining to the waiter how to cook an elaborate omelet that was not on the menu.  The guide shamed her by saying “Really?”  She changed her order, but I wondered if the guide, who was cheerful and patient otherwise, received a bad review. I did notice that she and her husband apparently did not tip him as is the custom.  These experiences explain why we “do our own thing” whenever possible. 

Do-it-yourself travel involves driving.  Aren’t you afraid to drive? I am often asked.  My responses are so far, so good, and ask me again after we have an incident. Driving requires courage.  Plus, I believe an indicator of a couple’s compatibility is how well they do when driving and navigating unfamiliar places.   Mary is a willing navigator, although she does have a penchant for screaming when fearful. 

I tend to err on the side of boldness.  Occasionally, the results are humorous.  Once in Puerto Rico we found ourselves in a narrow alley with walls and houses nearly touching the car. In front of us was a flock of chickens running frantically unable to avoid us.  Once in Spain, I drove the car into a curving, narrowing alley that was a dead end.  I had to back out with Mary directing me outside the car.

I have done most of my foreign driving in Costa Rica.  On our first trip, I asked our friend Raquel about what seemed to be many reckless drivers.  Costa Ricans, think they have a sixth sense about whether there’s a vehicle around the next curve, she replied.  Once when being chauffeured by a commercial driver, I asked him and he waved at the traffic and said, the hospitals are full of them.  Luckily, most incidents in that county involved being laughed at by school children who realized we were lost tourists or mud.

Roads in Costa Rica can be muddy (near Ciudad Niely).

Once we hired a guide to visit a remote mountain area known for bad roads and ease of becoming lost.  He was not a birder, but he knew the route.  He asked if I had 4wd. When I replied in the affirmative, he enthusiastically suggested I drive.   When we picked him up in the morning, we were surprised to see that his own vehicle was shiny, beautiful and the most tricked-out, off-road vehicle we had seen in Costa Rica.  Why wasn’t he driving, we wondered—especially when he threw two tire chains, “just in case,” in the back of ours? 

The day went well until it began to rain during our return.  Sticky red clay flew everywhere as it caked the tires.  On a steep section, we slid out-of-control toward the mountainside. I managed to stop, but the driver’s side front wheel was hanging off the road.    Had we rolled three or four feet further, both wheels would have been suspended in the air.  The guide and I spent thirty or forty minutes in the pouring rain trying different combinations of leverage and the two tire chains to move the vehicle. I asked if we could call for help.  That is when he told me he was the president of a local off-road vehicle club and did not want to suffer the major embarrassment of calling for help.  We kept trying.

Eventually, after piling brush and scraping clay off the tires, we managed to get back on the road.  Then we had to drive several unpleasant miles with two tire chains, one on the front and one on the back. Our rental vehicle was engulfed in red mud, inside and out, as was I.  Moreover, the ditch had been next to an anthill.  I had numerous bites.  What a mess!  Our guide also let slip that he was taking a couple on a “coffee tour” the next day.  Now we knew why he wanted me to drive; he didn’t want to wash his vehicle that night.  A local car wash was able to make ours presentable, but it was days before I had no more traces of red clay under my fingernails. 

Only once have we had car trouble.  A landslide had blocked a foggy mountain road, marooning us as we watched a man with a bobcat working to remove the mud and rocks from the pavement.   Our vehicle was on a blind, downhill curve, so I had left lights and flashers on.  After a while, we moved up a few car lengths, but I forgot to turn off the lights.  After a considerable delay, we were told one lane and then the other would be allowed to pass.  Our car would not start.  Suspecting a dead battery, I began frenziedly running up and down the line of cars asking if anyone had jumper cables.  Not only would we not be able to go on, but we would be blocking the line of traffic behind us. 

While Mary and I gesticulated to each other in consternation, a diminutive Tico in a small beat-up old car waved to me.  He already had his hood up.  His tiny car contained what I took to be his wife, three children and his mother-in-law, all piled on top of one another. One of the children was a sleeping infant.  The man spoke no English.  He ignored my badly enunciated Spanish as I tried to ask what he was doing.  He gestured until I realized he was removing his battery to switch with mine.  His car was a standard transmission which would be easy to start with my battery by rolling it down the hill.  As we were about to switch, a North American behind us, who had previously declined to help, brought out a generator and started our car.  We will always remember that spontaneous generosity so typical of Costa Ricans. 

It is worth noting that a driving app does not solve all problems.  Once in Arles, France, our GPS routed us the wrong direction on a narrow, curvy one-way street.  I backed up and drove away hoping to get far enough to be routed differently.  This was the old part of the city; a warren of old narrow, curving streets and tall buildings. Our second try brought us to the same location. So did the third.  Frustrated now, we pulled over and consulted a map.  Although we could not see it, we were less than ½ mile from our hotel.  I told Mary to hang on.  I turned on the flashers and with constant honking, headed up the narrow one-way street. Although the GPS would have had us stay on the one-way street longer, I saw a shorter route at the top of a hill, bounced over a curb and sidewalk, drove through a parking lot, and arrived at our destination. 

Lack of driving experience in a country has also caused problems.  On our first day in Portugal, I did not understand how to obtain a ticket needed for the highway we were driving.  When we exited, the attendant who collected the toll screamed at us. That mistake cost us more than the embarrassment. 

Another time we had to return a rental car in Nice, France. I had driven the car for a week, so I was accustomed to it, but the parking lot for returns was at the top of a tall building.  We had to ascend a narrow spiral drive to reach the top.  The car did not have enough power in the lowest gear.  In the next gear, I had to drive too fast.  After stalling the car three or four times, I finally, “went for it,” ascending much too fast with my feet alternating between the clutch, brakes, and accelerator and with Mary screaming in my ears.  We reached the top safely.  I pulled into the first space. All four tires were smoking.  Lucky for us, there was a key drop, no attendant.  We quickly slunk away to the odor of burnt rubber.

Mexico has the worst reputation for driving.  One always hears, if you have an accident, do not stay. Leave the area.  We have also heard of shakedowns from the police and being stopped by locals.   Those problems can be avoided by not driving in certain areas, such as near the border and certain large cities. 

Before making what became three lengthy driving trips into the Yucatan peninsula, we had checked with an ex-pat.  She assured us that both the people and the police were trustworthy if we did not venture near Cancun.  We also asked about a particular route in the State of Chiapas.  Our confidante told us, you can take that road.  You will not be killed, but there will be an incident. We went another way.

Still, we had unsettling experiences. On our first trip, we arranged to rent an inexpensive car from an independent garage in Mérida.  A man at the airport had our name on a card and motioned us to follow. Once in the parking lot, he pointed at a car and then the glove compartment. Papeles (papers), he said. Then he gave me the keys and began to walk away.  In my halting Spanish I asked about signing a rental agreement or paying a deposit. He shrugged and indicated we would settle things when we returned the car.  There we were. No map. No instructions.  Was the car hot?  Mérida uses the same name for many of its streets and is not set up a grid, but like a spiderweb from the city center.  We were soon hopelessly lost while looking for our accommodations.  After a long time and a couple of phone calls, we found our hotel.  It all worked out and the next time we visited, we rented from the same business.

Regrettably, it did not work that way in Campeche City. This time we were renting from a well-known agency.  We had heard stories about extra fees. We were prepared, or so we thought. First, they handed us a placard saying our credit card insurance was not valid unless we had a recent letter from our insurance company. We had it. The next placard requested a statement or license for the credit card from the Mexican government. Again, we had obtained the needed letter. Another placard appeared with an additional excuse.  We argued.  The two men behind the counter were stolid. We had arrived on the last flight of the night. It had been a lightly loaded small plane. We continued to protest. Finally, I looked around the terminal. It was the four of us and a janitor. We paid.

That trip had other surprises.  On a rural road in Chiapas, a man pulled a chain across the road. He was collecting for a local project and was surprised that he had apprehended tourists.  He dropped the chain; I accelerated and left him behind.

The muddy rural roads we had been driving had enough bumps, rocks, and brush to loosen the undercarriage.  Driving down the road, it suddenly disconnected, and the front portion dropped onto the pavement.  I pulled off under a shower of sparks.  We were lucky.  I was able to wedge it in place with a tire iron.  A brief view under the car revealed problems, but the car being so muddy when we returned, the attendant did not even inspect it.  He took the keys and drove off. I expected to hear back from them, but I never did.  The upshot is that, as in the US, most incidents are minor.  We will keep driving as long as our luck holds out. 

Of course, the most important part of our do-it-yourself travel is the hours of planning.  It is not an exaggeration to say that Mary should list travel-planning as a hobby.  She spends days reading countless trip reports and reviews.  She brings pages of printouts with explanations and alternatives.  The benefits are enormous.  Here is a simple example: we were traveling with another couple and had an unplanned night in Florence.  We walked indecisively back and forth for an hour before choosing a restaurant.  The food was poor and the prices high.  Usually, Mary has done the research and has already made an excellent choice.  On that same trip, we encountered an unexpectedly closed venue, and another time a rainy day.  Each time, Mary was ready with an excellent back-up plan. 

Now, when I think back to that first trip to Cozumel with our only goal being relief of responsibilities from work and parenting.  I can scarcely believe we have taken more than fifty foreign trips.  Our lives would have been rich and interesting in different ways without the travel, but what great fun it has been.  

GREEN MANSIONS

I hear a soft scuffle behind me. Holding my breath, I wait.  A Puma?  A Jaguar?  More likely a Tamandua (silky anteater) or an agouti (a large rodent).   A healthy jaguar population exists not far away, but here at Costa Rica’s Las Cruces Biological station, I am too near the village of San Vito.  The scuffle is that of a young jogger–probably a graduate student working with the tropical plants for which the Las Cruces Biological Station is famous.

Light on her feet, she trots by with a smile and a wave. A young woman running in the jungle led me to think of the novel, Green Mansions by W.H. Hudson.  The book, set in the American Neotropics, is a fable about how often the innocent are misunderstood and destroyed. 

One of the book’s main characters is Rima, a young girl living in harmony with the wilderness.  Other inhabitants find her confusing and frightening.  They decide she is the cause of their misfortunes.  Eventually, they capture and kill her. The plot is an apt metaphor for what I observe.  The overwhelming fecundity and beauty of the tropical jungle is easy to romanticize.  Unfortunately, my next realization is how much has been obliterated because it was not understood.

A few decades ago, the jogger would have been dodging either coffee plants or cattle.  Just 70 years prior, however, this area was wilderness.  In the 1950s and 1960s, settlers, including Europeans and North Americans, with encouragement from the Costa Rican government, attempted to convert the area to agriculture.  One of the early settlers, when in his eighties, published two books about their struggles.  He begs forgiveness from future generations.  “We didn’t know what we were doing,” he says.  He explains that if they had understood the soil and the complexity of the natural environment, they would have known their efforts were doomed.  The area was too steep, the soils, as always in the rainforest, were too poor and easily eroded once uncovered.  Agriculture continues, but much of the region consists of exposed and battered soils and shrubby, brushy areas indicative of unwise land use. 

Besides the dense, often impenetrable scrub an invasive vine marches up the steep hillsides to cover failed banana plantations and the remaining native trees.  Fortunately, the nearby highlands were not heavily settled.  Five hundred and seventy thousand hectares in the Talamanca Mountains of Costa Rica and Panama are preserved as part of the La Amistad National Park—a UNESCO World Heritage Site.  At lower elevations, there are still forest remnants, and there are restorations such as the location where I encountered the jogger.

The Las Cruces Biological Station originated on land reclaimed by Robert and Catherine Wilson who had owned a nursery in Florida.  Through their knowledge, arduous work and with financial support from an English patron, the Wilson’s established a world-famous garden. 

In 1973, the garden became part of the Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS), a nonprofit consortium of universities and research institutions from the US, Costa Rica, Peru, Mexico, South Africa, and Australia.  Subsequently, the OTS purchased nearby forest remnants such that the location has become well-known for its natural history as well as the experimental plantings.

The OTS does important work studying methods of restoration and educating the next generation of tropical researchers.  It also provides training for teachers and students from all over the world. I have visited all three of the OTS locations in Costa Rica.  I am always encouraged when I encounter researchers and students.  I am delighted these places exist for their benefit and ours. 

The “garden” as the local ex-pats refer to it, has become a favorite place for my wife and me.  We have rented a house less than ten minutes away on nearly ten occasions and, a couple of times, have stayed in the station’s comfortable cabins.

On this trip, we made a mistake.  Not enough time. Sometimes it rains.  I am watching the rain and flooding rivulets from our cabin’s small balcony.  I am thwarted from looking for euphonias–an interesting group of tiny neotropical birds; with the males being colorful, some spectacularly so.  Perhaps their color is why they were originally lumped with tanagers. Now known to be more closely related to finches, there are up to twenty-seven species depending on which taxonomy guide you follow.  I have been fortunate to have spied eighteen. 

We had arrived at mid-day and a birding group was raving about a spectacular invasion of euphonias.  Six species had been seen including the stunning Elegant Euphonia and the often difficult-to-find White-vented.   The former has a deep purple back and face, azure blue cap and nape with a rust-red throat and belly.  The White-vented represents about half of the group by having a deep blue-black back and yellow belly.  Otherwise, this group differs by whether the throat is yellow or by the extent of yellow on the head.

The White-vented had been a target of mine for years until I finally saw a couple nearby the previous year.  I was eager to see one again.  I found the location recommended by the other birders, pulled out my sit-upon and began to watch the trees.  A yellow flash, but not a euphonia…a Common Tody-flycatcher.  For once, the moniker “common” is appropriate; this bird is easy to find in a variety of habitats.  They have a bright yellow iris set off by a jet-black head. Underneath, they are bright yellow. 

Then, another yellowish flash, not so bright this time.  It is not a euphonia either, but a Mistletoe Tyrannulet, another common flycatcher.  Then soft rain.  No matter.  I open my small jungle umbrella, so light I can balance it on my shoulder and still use my binoculars.  Raining harder now, starting to drip off the umbrella.  But ok, although concerning.   Now, too hard!  This is not ok.  I look around.  Not good.  The sky is uniformly dark gray in all directions.  Here it comes, un aguacero tropical muy fuerte—a downpour. 

Fortunately, it is pleasant on our porch.  As the rain roars, a usually dry ravine on the bank below becomes a torrent.   Through the gray curtain to the southeast, four large palms emerge from the forest gloom. There are other species of palms in front of me, mixed in with bamboo, tree ferns and smaller ornamental plantings which are particularly attractive to neotropical migrants. 

Fittingly, I spy a Chestnut-sided Warbler foraging.  In Costa Rica, these are typically dismissed as “just another” but he does not know that. This territory is his world.  He may have defended this shrub for several years.  I hope so. I like to think of his successful travels from Costa Ria to the northern border of the Northeastern United States. This afternoon is not so different than a rainy early-summer day in Southern Ontario from where he has returned after a four-month romantic sojourn.

Chestnut-sided Warbler

I watch an agouti take shelter in the shrubbery below.  They are strange looking, purportedly good to eat—mahogany brown, about the size of a large rabbit.  They have tiny front legs which make them appear to be all hindquarters.

This day goes on to be a complete rainout. I observe only twenty-two bird species and neither of the euphonias I hoped for.  My rainy afternoon, however, is sustained by thinking of past visits.

If you asked what my favorite solo activity is, I would unhesitatingly say it is creeping, walking, sitting in the rainforest.  Perhaps, I have had more such days here at Las Cruces than anywhere else.

One morning, as the sun was rising, I started down the Rio Java Trail.  I was already thinking of Marbled Wood-Quail, knowing others had seen them nearby.  North Americans know about quail. There are the vanishing Northern Bobwhite of the Midwest and South—a bird of pastures and brushy fields.  As a youth, I encountered them commonly in Illinois—being startled as they rose with a flurry of wings and noise.  In the west, are the adaptable Gambel’s Quail; although declining overall, this species can acclimate to subdivisions with large yards and remains abundant wherever minimal habitat remains. 

Wood-Quail are different.  A more appropriate name would be Forest-or Jungle-Quail.  They live in the shady understory and although prone to noisy calling, are challenging to see.  They may not be particularly shy; it is just that they live where no one can see them.  Costa Rica has four species.  On the day of this hike, I had not yet seen any. 

Within minutes I spied the familiar shape of quail beside the trail.  Soon one was joined by another and another.  I inched forward. There were four.  There was a small horizontal limb propped by other vegetation or smaller branches one or two inches off the ground.  Only about ten inches of it were unencumbered by air plants or thick moss. One of the quail climbed on. Then another and another.  The fourth attempted to join them but the space was not wide enough. A bird on the end fell off.  

The lone bird circled back and shoved in between two of its brethren and again, one on the end fell off.  The birds made no sound.  There did not seem to be a dispute, but they continued to calmly jostle for position as if they were certain there was room for four if they only could get it right. But they could not.  Usually, they all faced the same direction, but one finally tried ascending the branch while facing the others. That did not work either.   Was it a game like “musical chairs?”  I could not imagine. I watched and watched.  Ten minutes later they were still doing it.  When I came back hours later, I checked the branch, just in case, but sometime during the day they had departed.

North Americans are also familiar with Swainson’s Thrushes.  Here, the online reference “Birds of the World,” demonstrates a northern bias. The entry describes them as a “secretive denizen of forests and woodlands across the northern portion of the continent.”  That depicts their lives from about mid-May to mid-August. What about the rest of the year?

Even though they nest on property my family owns in Colorado, I may only see them one, two or three times per year, but in Costa Rica they are an abundant passage migrant.  Early another morning, I was starting down the same Rio Java trail at Las Cruces.  Just as the canopy coverage and shade became complete, I noticed birds on the ground. I slowly raised my binoculars.  I counted seven Swainson’s Thrushes—in a single view, and there were more nearby. In the open—on the ground—behavior one would never see in North America.  My checklist for the day listed forty Swainson’s Thrushes with a note that it was likely an underestimate.

Swainson’s Thrushes surprised me another time at Las Cruces.  I was hoping to see a Ruddy Foliage-Gleaner.  Foliage-gleaners are strictly neotropical–mostly brown, and secretive. They spend their lives skulking in the undergrowth searching for insects.  Ruddy Foliage-gleaners, for reasons unknown, have a spotty distribution.  They are nowhere common, but Las Cruces has historically been the best place to see one in Costa Rica.  It was only after several fruitless attempts that I finally saw one.

On that lucky day, I was hoping to find an antswarm because Ruddy Foliage-gleaners will sometimes join army ants.  I heard bird commotion off the trail ahead.  Slowly, I moved closer.  I could see birds flitting about.  It was an antswarm, but these were not antbirds!  There were two Swainson’s thrushes amidst the ants.  They dove for food and then would jump in the air, either for another prey item or to rid themselves of the ants. I did see a Ruddy Foliage-Gleaner and a Black-faced Antthrush, but I was most surprised to see the Swainson’s Thrushes attending the antswarm.   Birds of the World needs to live up to its name and describe the complete history of the Swainson’s Thrush.

The Rio Java trail descends through an area bisected by small streams with steep banks. The exposed soil is a rich orange. Also sporting rich orange is a forest species called Rufous-tailed Jacamar.  These have an appearance of a giant hummingbird because of their long bills.  The purpose of the bill is not to slurp nectar but to catch large insects.  Once I watched one shake and batter a beautiful blue morpho butterfly until the wings fell off and the body could be swallowed.

Jacamars, because they nest in holes in steep banks, are often found near streams.   The trail here consists of steps cut into the orange earth.  As I began to ascend, a portion of a step appeared to move.  I reached down and caught a recently fledged jacamar.  I could not find a parent.  It was well-feathered, vivid auburn and emerald, but when I put it amidst vegetation on the steep bank, it disappeared. I looked again. Still there.  The brilliant orange and green were perfect camouflage for this environment.

Another memorable Las Cruces sighting was my first of a Chiriquí Quail-Dove.  Chiriquí, an indigenous word commonly used in Southern Costa Rica and Northern Panama, refers to a Pre-Colombian civilization that inhabited the area. Like Wood-Quail, Quail-Doves do not respond to recordings and even where common, usually remain unseen.

When Quail-Doves are encountered on a trail, they walk rapidly into the dimness of the undergrowth.  I have learned to move slowly and scan the trail ahead with my binoculars.  Occasionally, my method is successful.  Well ahead, I saw a Chiriquí Quail-Dove.  The bird slowly pirouetted in the sun as it looked toward me. The top of the head, except for the bright red eye, was gray. Below the eye, the head was white.  On the neck were black stripes. The legs were red.  I was fortunate to obtain such an excellent view before it strolled into the darkness.

On another occasion, I heard loud snapping—a sound reminiscent of “cracker balls,” a little firework that pops when thrown at the ground.  I realized I was listening to White-Ruffed Manakins. Manakins fly as if instantly jet-propelled. Sometimes they bounce off one perch to land on another leaving the would-be viewer focusing on a quivering branch while the bird is elsewhere.  These are a species that dance at a lek while snapping their wings. Blue-black with a white throat, the males are handsome as they dash about a horizontal log they have cleared of vegetation.

Often, the forest is deathly silent. Suddenly, the ringing whistles, phureee-phree phuphree, of a Rufous-Breasted Wren burst into the air.  Attractive, with a red-rufous breast, belly, and cap, accentuated by white cheeks with black streaks and spots, this is the most common wren of the Las Cruces Forest.  Although more active early, it may shatter the stillness with its beautiful call at any time. 

Again, I see what I am most desirous of.  One, two, then three and four dark shapes flash across the trail—a few feet off the ground.  An antswarm!  I back up to a tree (quickly checking for spines and insects) both to lean on and break my outline. I wait. I am fortunate. The activity, which can sometimes be frustratingly close, but not close enough, is in full view. Insects are escaping the horde of ravenous ants. They leap into the air and scurry away only to be plucked off by hungry birds.  Here a Black-faced Antthrush. There a Chestnut-Backed Antbird. Next a Ruddy Woodcreeper, and then another. Antswarms are not as species-rich here as in lowland forests, but they still provide excitement.  Then the birds are gone. The jungle stillness returns.

Even when all is still. even on a sweltering afternoon when nothing seems to be happening, I appreciate the jungle. I sit quietly.  Now is when I notice a spider’s web, glistening, illuminated by a shaft of light. A leaf twirls. I perceive striations on leaves and how they collect and funnel any raindrop that manages to fall this far through the canopy.

Light rain is a strange phenomenon until one becomes accustomed. You hear it but you do not feel it.  Up to forty percent of rain is seized before reaching the ground in a rainforest.  The thick canopy of trees, vines, and bromeliads takes an enormous share.  A heavy rain may cease, except not in the jungle. Rainwater continues dripping downward. When hastened by a gust of wind, it sounds and feels as if the storm has resumed.  Entering a clearing will prove otherwise. 

One still afternoon, I was eating lunch by a stream.  Movement! A mere five meters away, a Great Tinamou arrived for a drink.  Gray-brown with an awkward appearing beak and neck, this chicken-sized inhabitant of the understory alternately dipped its beak in the stream and raised it so the water could trickle down. After a few swallows, it ambled off. The Great Tinamou makes one of the signature sounds of the rainforest.  One guidebook describes the call as: …powerful whistled notes…organ-like in their velvety swelling quality…tremulous. The sound is eerie, particularly because Tinamous call most often as night descends.

Great Tinamou

Besides the Rufous-breasted Wren, my other favorite daytime sound at Las Cruces is that of the Black-faced Antthrush. The day I was sitting in the heavy rain on the porch, I heard the familiar “three mellow whistled notes” keep-two-two.  If you do not know the call, search for it on your computer, and listen. Picture yourself on a dark, dank jungle trail when that sound suddenly punctures the silence.  I find it mysterious and compelling. 

One more strange call to describe: chu-choodle-woo; complex and musical but at a low register—the Black-bellied Wren. Deep brown black, but with a bright white throat and upper chest, this wren prowls impenetrable thickets.  It will respond to a recording of its song but may remain within its dark domain yielding a shape as the best possible sighting.

The most alien sound in the jungle is the cacophony of crashing branches and falling leaves produced by a troop of White-faced Monkeys.  Despite the din, they are often difficult to locate.  Or they may pass overhead, being sure to show teeth while giving you an ornery look in the eye. And yet, often, I spend an entire day with no sign of them. Each day is different.

I have described antswarms, but they are rare.  The mixed flocks I encounter most days are also variable.  Sometimes the flock is comprised mostly of neotropical migrants.  Tropical tanagers are predominant in the next, or maybe a mixture of both.  There is usually a woodcreeper, commonly an Olivaceous or a Streak-headed.  Once a mixed flock included the weird Brown-billed Scythebill, aptly named for its two-inch plus decurved bill.

These are all residents of the garden—a garden that is part natural and part ornamental.  It is a stunning place, full of surprises.  From my porch that rainy afternoon I see an interesting mix of colors and shapes—mostly greens—pale green–yellow green. I see big waxy leaves. I note that a tree fern’s green has a brownish cast, but on one limb resides four big yellow-green leaves, a bromeliad, topped by a bright pink flower.

It is all so beautiful, and it is a relic. I consider the birding group I had met. They are having an exciting time, delighted with memorable sightings. Do they recognize what has been lost or are they victims of generational amnesia? Do I wish they would return home and tell everyone how wonderful this place is, or that it is a vestige of what was.

I think of the Wilsons when the Coto Brus area was vastly less populated. When reclamation efforts had hardly begun. They surely looked out, from their big house on the hill while rain fell in their garden. Did they think it was paradise?

OLIVE OIL ICE CREAM AND FEATHERED SWAMP MICE

Merida has the finest Roman ruins in Spain. It is also has fine restaurants. One serves Cherry Gazpacho with a dollop of Olive Oil Ice Cream.  This dish also contains pork—not surprising in a locale renowned for Iberian Ham, which requires acorn-fed, free-ranging hogs.  The soup was so delicious Mary and I ate at the same restaurant two of our three evenings in Merida.

As friends asked about our trip, we found ourselves always describing the gazpacho.  Yet, we had other excellent dining especially seafood and once, a spectacular mushroom risotto served on the street at lunch.   But mostly we described the gazpacho because it was rare and different. We assumed others would never have heard of it.   

Of course, for me, there was something else about Merida.  The city has the longest surviving ancient bridge with a span of 755 meters.  Better yet, the span crosses some wetlands harboring a species of the rail family—the Western Swamphen.  When I wasn’t enjoying great meals or touring the ancient Roman Coliseum, Circus, and Temple of Diana, I walked out to the bridge and peered into the swamp.  Eventually, I was rewarded with a great view of a Western Swamphen and chick.   I wondered if the ancient Romans noticed them.

Western Swamphen (Merida, Spain-2022)

I enjoy seeking out rare and difficult-to-find birds, many of which reside in wetlands.  Some of these are celebrated in a book on my shelf entitled: Rare and Elusive Birds of North America, by William Burt.  Most of the profiles in this book are about rails, sometimes called crakes.

My desire to study rails supports a frequent comment from my brother that “there’s a nut for everything.”  Rails have been called mice with feathers.  It would be more accurate to call them swamp-mice with feathers because wetlands are their primary habitat.   In addition, they are reluctant to fly, relying on “rail-roads,” that is, trails and tunnels within the thick vegetation. 

My first encounter was with a Black Rail on Galveston Island, Texas in 1980.  I had a business trip to Houston.  Knowing the Texas coast was a birding hotspot, I brought my backpacking tent in an extra suitcase.  It seems remarkable today; I was able to drive down on a spring weekend and easily find a camping spot in the state park. 

I was armed with a A Birder’s Guide to the Texas Coast, one of a series of guides to famous birding areas.  In the days before ebird and the internet, these so-called “Lane-guides” (James A. Lane was a co-author) were highly prized for their specific directions to prime birding locations.  After a windy and rainy night, I was walking toward a marsh and encountered an elderly couple with a large parabolic receiver for recording bird calls. Once recorded, the call could be played back in hopes of enticing the bird to show itself. 

The couple appeared friendly, so I approached. “A Black Rail!” one of them said softly.  At this phase of my birding life, I knew rails as a photo in a book.  They were not species I expected to see or even try to see.  After whispering introductions, I learned that the bird responding from the marsh was both rare and more rarely seen.

By today’s standards, our birding etiquette was cringeworthy—too much playback.  Today, birders are satisfied with a well-documented hearing or recording but we tried hard to spy the bird.  The lady of the pair had a glimpse of the bird’s face, but her husband and I never saw anything although we were within three feet of the rail for 20-30 minutes before giving up. 

Subsequently, the couple told me how lucky I was to have experienced a Black Rail.  Further, they informed me that last night’s wind and rain was the reason they had driven two hours to the coast. That storm had been what was known locally as a “Norther.”  What made it so important is that a wind blowing from the north in late March or early April is in the face of oncoming spring migrants crossing the Gulf of Mexico.  These birds, weary already, work extra hard to make landfall and often pitch into the first tree or shrub they can find.  This being a coastal plain, the few trees might harbor a dozen or more birds.  Although it immediately made sense, this phenomenon had been unknown to me.  “You have to go to the Old House,” they said.  They had already checked small nearby trees before being distracted by the resident Black Rail.

The “Old House,” where an owner had planted shrubs and trees before abandoning, was amazing.  In the same small tree were an Orchard Oriole, a Prothonotary Warbler, a Great Crested Flycatcher, a White-eyed Vireo, a Tennessee Warbler and a Kentucky Warbler.  In the shrubs underneath were a Worm-Eating Warbler and a Swainson’s Warbler. My new friends seemed happier for me than I was.  I did not understand until later what a treasure trove of sightings this was.  Indeed, Swainson’s Warblers as well as Black Rails are profiled in that same book about “Rare and Elusive Birds.”  Seeing one perched in the open was truly fortunate.  Seven of those species were “lifers,” birds I had never seen before, and they were all associated with a single small tree, less than ten feet in diameter. 

That previous night’s heavy rain had filled all the ditches and marshlands such that other birds had been forced to higher ground.  Hence, I spied another rail later that day—the less-reclusive and larger Clapper Rail.  My life with rails had begun!

According to Wikipedia, there are more than 150 species in this family that includes the more-easily seen coots and gallinules.  Twelve from this family are already extinct and others are on the brink of vanishing.  I have seen thirty.  The Black Rail, although not formally protected at the federal level, is threatened or a “species of concern” in most of the states in which it is found. 

It is no wonder. In my work life, I found that many contaminant dumps, landfills, and random disposal areas were in wetlands.   Furthermore, for most of US history, wetlands were so little valued that draining them was referred to as “reclamation.”

Fortunately, the value of wetlands is now recognized.  Coastal wetlands mitigate storm surge thereby limiting hurricane damage.   Interior wetlands are important buffers and sinks for contaminants in industrial and agriculture discharges.  One source suggests that the value of wetlands exceeds $3 billion dollars annually.  I have not reviewed the details of that estimate, but I wonder if it adequately accounts for the recreational value from waterfowl rearing, hunting, and birdwatching. 

Our attack on wetlands has been so relentless that birders are usually intimately familiar with local sewage ponds and landfills because those are where remnant populations of marsh-dwellers can find a place to survive.    Continuing today is a constant battle regarding the definition of a wetland.   A weak definition is desired by developers because federal laws require mitigation.  Climate change exaggerates this problem because historic wetlands are drying up, further squeezing the remaining homelands for rails and their allies.

That day in 1980 remains important to me because it opened my eyes to another window into nature.  I read extensively about these birds and have considered them to be primary quarry in my subsequent travels.   I have been lucky enough to have found others.

My most memorable encounters have occurred in Costa Rica.  There was, for example, the day I set out to find a White-throated Crake.  My wife and I were staying at the Las Cruces Biological Station (aka Wilson Botanical Garden) near San Vito.  We did not have a car, so I hired a taxi driver to take me to the “swamp near the airport,” which was reputed to harbor the crake. 

I asked the taxi driver to pick me up after two hours, but noticed he simply turned off the engine and planned to wait.  My directions said to stop at a house adjacent to the small airstrip and ask for permission.  The inhabitants smiled and waved me on.  Minutes later, I was ankle deep in gluey mud.  I backed up to dry ground and surveyed the area.  It looked too wet for passage and with the thickness of the vegetation and darkness of the water, I had no idea how deep it might be. 

I spied a fence about 100 meters away and thought I would try there.  Surely, if posts were in the ground, there would be an area I could walk.  Being careful, I trusted tussocks of vegetation held in place by the wire and inched my way into the marsh.   After about ten meters, I was satisfied I was far enough and played the call of the White-throated Crake.  There was an immediate response.

It is worth noting that rails are not songsters.  One of my sources describes the vocalization of White-throated Crakes as an abrupt, explosive descending trill or churr.  My own description is a rapid dry rattle.  Another example is the description for the Paint-billed Crake.  As described in Birds of the World: “Song a long, gradually accelerating series of up to 36 staccato somewhat yelping kjek notes. Occasionally followed by 3–4 short churring notes which fall in pitch, the last being a 3-second flat trill. Also, frog-like, guttural, buzzy, single notes rendered qurrrk and auuk and a mellow soft purring. Alarm a sharp twack.”  In other words, I am nutty enough to spend hours in insect-ridden swamps listening for kjek, qurrk, auk and twack.   Reading that sentence makes me reconsider my sanity and confirms my brother’s statement about a “nut for everything.”  (Why do I think he always means me when he says it?) 

Anyway, the San Vito airstrip White-throated Crake answered and was nearby.  As with my Black Rail encounter, it often is not difficult to be near a rail—it is the seeing of them that is a challenge.  In this case, I was determined. Again, I confess to overuse of playback.  In my defense, this was twenty-five years ago. Most birders are judicious these days regarding disturbing the birds they are trying to see.

I had an old-fashioned tape player. I would play the call, then hit rewind, find the call, and play it again. It was awkward and inconvenient.  I had the tape recorder in one hand, and I was both playing the call and trying not to drop the player in the marsh.  I had binoculars and an expensive camera about my neck, also needing to stay dry.  My footing was precarious.  I am glad no one was filming my fumbling efforts to use my equipment and remain balanced.

Repeatedly, I played the call, and the bird would answer so close I could not imagine why I could not see it.  I continued to shift about. Eventually, I realized the vegetation was so thick that the bird was underneath. I was not heavy enough to compress the thick mat of marshy vegetation to disrupt the rail’s passageways.   My next thought was to move slightly away in hopes that the bird would again approach the call.  I reached out with one foot—seemed solid—then the other—also seemed solid.  I slowly edged away.  Once settled, now about three meters from where the crake had been underneath, I shifted my weight to play the call but lost my balance and barely avoided falling.

Everything below me was sinking and wobbling. I was teetering on top of floating vegetation!  It was thick enough to bear my weight, but this section had separated from the rest of the heavy mat.  I was flailing — throwing around my arms and legs to stay up.  It was like balancing on a six-foot diameter piece of floating plywood.  I did not last long.   I slid into the marsh reflexively raising my arms to hold my electronics and optics above the water…but now I was waist deep in water and muck.  

Waves of emotions hit me—frustration and embarrassment foremost.  I looked to see if anyone was watching.  No one was visible at the nearby house and the taxi driver was too far away.  Quickly, discomfort seeped in along with the water.  It was hot. I was in full sun on a hot afternoon.  Half of me was ensconced in wet and sticky water and mud.  Although well-covered in repellent, insects were swarming. A few were crawling on me.   I was done. “The crake wins,” I thought.

I carefully shuffled my feet and slowly inched toward higher ground. I was fortunate to emerge without stumbling.  I slogged defeated, dripping, and smelly back to the taxi.  It was an old car so maybe the driver did not mind, but my wife did when I returned to our room.  The old tennis shoes I was wearing went to the outside trash, myself, and my other clothing to the shower to remedy as best I could.  I decided I would never see a White-throated Crake.

This was early in my Costa Rican birding experiences, and I have since, seen White-throated Crakes eleven times.   They are so common, that any birder spending enough time will finally spy one walking in the open and that eventually happened. 

In fact, on a recent trip (June 2022), I saw White-throated Crakes so easily, we were annoyed because we were after the much rarer Paint-billed and Gray-breasted Crakes.  Eventually, we saw the other two.   What is different today?  In a word…Bluetooth.   Also necessary is knowing the right person.  

With all my years of experience in Cost Rica I have made many friends among the excellent guiding community.  One of these, Daniel, lives not too far from the Panamanian border.   Sadly, this area is devastated by oil palm plantations* and rice fields.   Plowing, ditching and drainage have eliminated most of the swamplands.   The oil palm areas are dark, pesticide-laden monocultures.   Rice fields, while monocultures, at least must remain wet and still provide habitat.  Adjacent ditches and strips between these fields remain rich with marsh species.   

Daniel has an impressive ability to hear and triangulate on the various frog and insect like calls emitted by the resident crakes.  Residing nearby, he has learned where the remaining local crakes live.   I wanted to see a Paint-billed Crake.

The online resource Birds of the World refers to them as “a mysterious bird, even for a rail, a family full of mysterious species.  Nowhere easy to find…status unclear in Central America, could be accidental, migrant, or rare resident, perhaps overlooked.” Paint-billed Crakes and another rare, nearly identical species are the only members of their genus.

Besides the mystery of their status, unlike most others of their family, Paint-billed Crakes are handsome. They are mostly indigo blue with bright orange legs.  Their bright beaks are red at the base and bright yellow green at the tip.  A few months previously, I was successful having one respond to its call, but much like the White-throated Crake experience, I could not see one.  

I met up with Daniel early one morning.  This was our second outing.  On the first, some months earlier we had tried and failed to hear or see a Yellow-breasted Crake.  We had tried hard.  It is difficult for both birder and guide when such a quest fails.  Daniel had been regularly finding the bird, quite rare in this part of the country. Yet, that evening, it would not cooperate.   Daniel knew I had made an unpleasant drive over poorly marked unpaved roads and would have to return after dark.   I began thinking what a nice afternoon and evening it would have been at the beach.  I considered myself stupid for abandoning my wife for six or seven hours and complicating our dinner plans.  Instead of a relaxing evening I had a harrowing return drive almost colliding with a couple of bike riders on the obscure, dusty back roads.   I certainly did not blame Daniel, but we had parted feeling exasperated.   

Now I was back, and we had heard Paint-billed Crakes in two locations, far out in the swamp.  Daniel shrugged and said something like, “the only way to see one would be to go in there with them.”  I responded, “Let’s go.”  He looked up, surprised. “Really?”  “I’m prepared,” I said.  I had worn a pair of old canvas shoes that I could abandon if necessary.  I had a walking stick for balance.  

Daniel removed his shoes and waded in barefoot.  I followed, our feet slurping and slipping as we moved along.   This was a shallow swamp.  A misstep would not cause a plunge into deep water, but a mucky face plant was still probable. More likely was to lose a shoe in the sticky muck.

After a few minutes, Daniel pointed to a small, narrow ditch dug by one of the big tires of the rice field tractors after having been mired and then digging itself out.  Here is where Bluetooth came in.   Daniel set a small speaker on one side of the ditch, and we positioned ourselves to have an unobstructed view if an approaching crake crossed to find its presumed rival.

It was easy.   These crakes are rarely disturbed.  Hence, they respond readily.   Birding groups do not try for them because it would be impossible for more than two or three people to be in position to see.   Being in the swamp amidst them, even I could hear the crakes.  Two approached and within minutes I had obtained great binocular views.   The lighting angle, the narrow ditch and rapidly running crakes precluded photography but I was, as they say, “a happy camper.”

Driving back, I asked Daniel about Gray-breasted Crakes.  These are detected by their calls now and then, but this species is the rail most difficult to see in Costa Rica.  Detections, most of which are “heard-only birds,” number less than 1000 according to the ebird online database.  In contrast, White-throated Crake detections are nearly 15,000. I had asked other guides about them.  They rolled their eyes and shook their heads. Daniel simply said they were “really hard.”  The fact that he had not shut off the idea, however, clung in my brain.

Back in his part of the country on a family trip six months later, I contacted Daniel.  “What about trying for a Gray-breasted Crake?” I asked.  “We can try,” he responded.

I do not know which part was luck, skill, or prior scouting/preparedness, but a Gray-breasted Crake responded at the first location we tried.   My son in law, Ryan, was accompanying us.  We had borrowed rubber knee boots.  There was also a wide bare spot in the mud for good viewing and the sun was behind us.   Daniel placed the speaker about ten foot distant and across the open space from where the crake had responded.  We did not have to wait long.   The crake did not dash across but sauntered.  I obtained great photos.  This crake is a close cousin of the Black Rail I had listened to so many years ago in Texas; the primary difference being lime green on the lower mandible as opposed to the bill of the Black Rail which is black.  

Gray-breasted Crake (June 2022)

This had happened so fast, I suggested we try again for a Paint billed crake.   Maybe Ryan could see one. Maybe I could obtain a photo.  Initially, we tried near where we had seen them six months ago. No luck.  We drove to another location nearby.   We waded into the shallow marsh.  Here, we had success. A Paint-billed Crake was calling.  We set up as before–the speaker in an excellent location for viewing the bird. We spied movement.  Here it came. But!  It was a White-throated Crake.   Three times the same or another White-throated Crake came into view—the only times I have been disappointed to see a crake.  At last, two Paint-billed Crakes arrived. 

Paint-billed Crake (June 2022)

After three or four brief appearances as they jumped over the bare area, one moved stealthily through the reeds.  The yellow and orange-red beak reminded me of Easter’s candy corn.  The large orange-red feet matched the beak and the color of Cherry Gazpacho!

*Palm Oil is responsible for a tremendous loss of habitat throughout the world. Its production also exacerbates climate change and causes other environmental damage. Here is a site where you can learn how to minimize your own usage of palm oil products: https://rspo.org/

Read more: OLIVE OIL ICE CREAM AND FEATHERED SWAMP MICE

GROWING UP WORKING


The attractive, mini-skirted, young lady pointed at the thigh-high boots. “I’d like to try on a pair,” she said.  When I returned with the box, she asked, “Just how much help do you give customers when they try these on?” “As much as I can,” I replied. We were laughing because she obviously had no intention of letting me help.

Being good with customers was a skill I learned early at my dad’s shoe store. Dad had the ability to talk with people and listen to them without expressing his own feelings. He let them have their say without agreeing or disagreeing. They found him friendly, not judgmental. Watching him was a great lesson.

He was cognizant of the reputation required to have a successful store in a small town. He reminded me often that “the customer is always right.” Now and then, I would suspect him of suppressing frustration when someone demanded a refund for a pair of shoes that were obviously abused. Fortunately, that was a rare occurrence.

My hometown was composed mostly of people who were hard-working and honest. Most of our customers were farmers. They would “come to town” on Friday night; the only night the stores were open in those days. Those evenings were often quite busy. We would have customers standing two and three deep behind the chairs. Often it would be a family—the parents and some number of children—all needing shoes—except the wife; dad stocked few women’s shoes. We did not have room for the inventory. Besides, Dad’s shoe “department” was a rented space inside of “Hugs Men and Boys Wear.” Our lack of women’s shoes was natural.

Growing up in the shoe business is how I found a part-time job at a shoe store while in college. Lest I give the wrong impression, that was a full-service shoe store. The thigh-high boots, of which they only had a few pair, were a novelty only in stock to demonstrate the comprehensiveness of the merchandise.

I was probably 12 when I sold my first pair of shoes. By the time I was 14 and in high school, I was expected to work whenever needed, which meant every Friday night and Saturday. I had organized stock at the store for a few years by then. Dad would have me unload boxes and put shoes in order on the shelves. It was a fortunate circumstance because whenever I needed a few dollars, I could go to the store and Dad would give me a few hours of work. I became familiar with the stock and easily slipped into being a salesclerk when I was old enough.

I enjoyed the work. When busy with customers, the hours seemed to fly by. Dad always said, “I never minded getting up and going to work.” I could understand this, but eventually, I noticed the restrictions caused by owning a retail business. Working every Friday night and every Saturday does not seem as restrictive these days when stores are open Sundays and every night. But Dad always had to be at the store, more than 60 hours per week. His only help most of the time, was my mother and I, and we were there when it was so busy that more sales help was needed, not to give Dad time off.

Similarly, with no other help, Dad had no vacation. The only time he had two days in a row away from the store was when a public holiday fell on a Saturday or Monday. This was before some of the holidays had been collected on Mondays. For that reason, we loved Labor Day because it was always on Monday.

Dad never complained. This was an easier life than the farm he had grown up on. In addition, many of our customers were dairy farmers. Their cows needed to be milked every day—twice. I think Dad looked around and was grateful he had it so good.

That store served our family well. There was always enough. Dad was lucky to sell out before the onslaught of Walmarts and Footlockers made stores such as his obsolete. He earned enough to invest wisely and then subsequently, to work mostly part-time selling real estate. But, that initial 24 years had plenty of shortcomings. It wasn’t just the lack of vacations; it was also the events missed because Friday night and Saturday were never free.

For example, I received my school’s Scholar Athlete award. The St Louis Post Dispatch had each area school select an awardee to attend a banquet. Speakers and other attendees included the well-known sports personalities of the St Louis area including baseball players and announcers. A couple of the other awardees, already locally famous, went on to professional careers. Only awardees and parents could attend. It was a Friday night and a very busy time at the store. Dad could not go. It was a great event. He would have loved it.  I would have loved sharing it with him. Mom came with me. She was proud of me but had little interest in the rest of the proceedings.

I did not like the hours of my part-time job in college either. I wanted to go to a football game or Saturday afternoon basketball game—not if your job is retail. I was never interested in that life.

The summer I was 13, my mom decided I should not be at home at all but should be working. There was not nearly enough work at the store to keep me busy, so I had to find something else. What many of us did, was work on farms. “Making hay,” we called it. I learned a great deal from participating in this world.

Farmers would wait for what they hoped was a dry and warm period and cut and rake hay, usually alfalfa, but sometimes clover. The hay would be left to dry, then raked into rows and baled. The baling system consisted of a tractor pulling a baler that operated off the PTO (power take-off)) on the tractor. Attached to the baler would be a wagon. On the wagon would be a boy like me, hay hook in hand, ready to snag each bale expelled by the baler. I would pull the bale onto the wagon and then slide or carry it to the back and stack it.

Once the wagon was full, it would be unhitched, attached to another tractor, and pulled to the barn where the bales would be put on what we called an elevator—just a simple conveyer that carried the bales up to the loft. Usually, boys such as me would be in the barn to do the final stacking. I loved working the wagon. I liked being outside. I could hear the occasional calls of Bobwhite quail and Eastern Meadowlarks.  Sometimes a Red-tailed Hawk would soar overhead.

The job was often enlivened by the baling of a snake. I would turn from stacking the previous bale and be shocked from my reverie to face half of a snake swinging menacingly; the rest of its body trapped within the bale. I do not know what the farmers thought of this besides the aggravation of having to stop and dispatch the snake. All those I remember baling were beneficial varieties that helped rid the farm of mice and rats.

Working in the loft sometimes permitted more rest, but the loft was often nasty work. Sometimes, the only window was the one in which the elevator was inserted. The light was dim, ventilation almost non-existent. This was mid-summer Illinois. Days of 90 and 90, temperature and humidity, were common. That’s the way it was. We never thought twice about it. Well, with clover, I did. Clover has a lot of chaff—small particles falling off. An hour of stacking clover bales in a hot barn would have my eyes and nose full of dust and chaff. Worse was that it permeated my clothing. Combined with sweat, there seemed to be nothing else as itchy.

The only farming task that was worse was when I was put in a small shed with only a tiny opening for the “hopper” that was to dump recently harvested wheat. My job was to shovel the wheat away from the wall by the hopper so that the shed could be filled. I had to shovel quickly as I braced myself on my knees on top of the ever-growing pile of wheat. What a dirty job. My eyes, my ears, my mouth were all full of dirt. I spit mud when I emerged. The farmer laughed. He was in his 70s then. This was a once per year job. He had probably done it 50 times.

Typically, however, I liked the work. Most of the farmers were friendly and appreciative that I worked hard.

On my first job, I was almost sent home when the farmer learned I was only 13, but I was able to keep up and after that was never questioned.

I never received instruction on how to work for others, other than my mother reminding me I was getting paid and needed to earn it. I will never forget how on one of my first jobs, I was rapidly unloading bales when the farmer came over and said “s__t-g__damn boy, Rome wasn’t built in a day.” He had decided we needed a rest and a drink. He went over to a well and pumped. Hanging from the handle was a rusty tin can. He filled it and gave me a drink. Rust and all, it quenched my thirst. I never thought twice about it.

My education included the variety of people I worked for. There was one farmer who always hired four of us. One would work behind the baler. One would drive the wagon of bales back and forth and put them on the elevator. The other two would stack the bales in the barn. Bales were fed quickly into the barn, and many were simply put aside to be stacked properly while the next wagon was fetched.

We would get a lot of hay baled and stacked in a hurry. There was little idle time. What I noticed is that the first time I worked on the wagon, the farmer said, “now only stack those bales three-high. That way, the timing should be about right to run wagons back and forth and keep those other boys busy.” This worked well and we usually completed his fields in a single day—at most two.

In contrast, I worked for another man who either by choice or economic circumstances approached the job differently. He let it be known that he was uncomfortable hiring help. He said he couldn’t afford it. He even paid me somewhat less than the other farmers, but I was his only worker, so I received a lot more hours.

I would load the wagon, and then stack in the barn while the farmer loaded the elevator. His instructions were different. “Stack the wagon as high as you can so we don’t have to make so many trips.” This meant a wagon of “seven” or “eight-high,” meaning I would have to terrace the bales so I could climb up and stack them. As the stack grew, the farmer would watch and slow down so that I could get back to the baler before the next one fell off. Although we managed a big wagon load, we probably stacked bales on the wagon at about half the rate as the man who had me do them “three-high.”

Efficiency was not very good back at the barn either. Unloading the wagon meant carefully undoing the big load. The high load inevitably meant a few bales would fall off the wagon while unloading. The farmer had to jump to the ground, put the bales back on, then climb back on the wagon to put them on the elevator. I had no problem keeping up in the loft and would be idle for several seconds in between bales.  All of this meant several days were required to complete the project and a much greater risk of a rainstorm spoiling the hay.

The ultimate inefficiency of this effort occurred early one hot afternoon. I was climbing to the back of the wagon and hoisting a bale to the top of the stack. All the weight at the back of the wagon, which had probably been occurring for many years, was finally too much for the wagon’s running gear. It broke. The wagon bed, now free, flipped vertical throwing me and the bales into the field. I was unhurt. I had scrambled atop the bales as they tumbled and suffered no more than a few scratches. The wagon, however, was now bent and broken. The farmer, always taciturn, looked at the mess and expressionless, said, “yup, can’t use that wagon no more.” Back at the barn, there was an ancient wagon with iron wheels. We had to use it the rest of the time, even though it did not hold even a fourth of the bales.

Eating at the various farms was also an experience. Some farmers I worked for were deeply religious. We were asked to hold hands and grace would be said before every meal. There was another who had stacks of naturist magazines. They were just lying around. He and his wife treated them as if they were the latest issue of Time or the newspaper. This was the mid-1960s! None of us teenagers had ever seen anything like those. As I said, it was an education.

The wife of the efficient farmer I described above, was a great cook. She would serve an enormous and satisfying meal at the end of the workday. But, the wife of the farmer who only owned one wagon, served such a variety of food, breads and desserts; it was incomprehensible. And she would serve such a meal at lunch and again at supper. I always wondered what breakfast was like. 

Meals with the farmer with the naturist magazines were much simpler. There was plenty of food, but it was always the same. His wife would place a big bowl of boiled hot dogs in the middle of the table. Another bowl was filled with potato chips.  There would be a plate of summer sausage and bread and jam but always hot dogs. Is that what they ate when there were no workers?

These farm meals introduced me to roasted cow tongue, head cheese, and blood sausage. Tongue was ok, the rest not!

This was a stoic and taciturn German community. Houses were neat and rows were plowed straight.  Once, I was asked whether I could remain and do some work after dark. This was strange, but they were nice people, and I needed the money, so I agreed. Once it was dark, out came the hay mower. The farmer explained how he had a couple of fields in what was then the equivalent of today’s Conservation Reserve Program. He was receiving federal payments to fallow some acreage for the purpose of protecting wildlife. He couldn’t stand it. “Those fields make my farm look sloppy. I’m going to mow it after dark so no one can see what I’m doing.” My job was to hold a light so he could see well enough to do the mowing.

Most of the farmers treated us well, but there were exceptions. Once I was enlisted to work on a farm owned by a relative of my mother’s. It was inconvenient getting there as I was not yet old enough to drive. On our drive out, mom admonished me to work hard because the father in this family had passed away and now the wife and sons were running the farm.

The eldest son, probably in his early 20s was surly. When introduced, I said the usual, “How’s it going?” He replied, “I don’t know yet.” He put me on the wagon at 11AM. His mother came and got the wagons as they were filled, and younger siblings stacked the hay in the barn. We quit after 7. There had not been a break—not even for a drink of water. Whether the young farmer had water with him, I don’t remember. I just remember how angry my mom was when I told her. She called the farm that night and told them I wouldn’t be back.

Making hay did not take up the entire summer so it was that my mom found other work for me. For a couple of summers, I worked for the County Fair Board which conducted the Madison County Fair. There were several odd jobs suitable for a teenager.

Before the fair started, I was assigned to the man in charge of the concession stand in the exhibition building. His name was Pat. He had me do some clean up and arranging of a few chairs and tables. Then came time to prepare the food. I do not recall anything about permits or inspections. For the most part, we sold fountain drinks and packaged snacks that were consumed in paper cups and with plastic utensils. We also sold chili dogs. The “dogs” went into a device designed for them. No problem there—except those remaining from one night were still on top the next morning. What appalled me was the chili.
 
The day before the fair, Pat told me it was time to prepare the chili. There were some large commercial-sized cans. These were to be opened and dumped in large pots as needed. “Where are the pots?” I asked. “Hop in the car,” Pat said. “We’ll get them now.” Our town still had an old “locker” or ice plant. Lockers were rented to store frozen food until needed. My family often purchased a “quarter of a beef,” and stored it at the locker. Every so often we would stop by and retrieve whatever of our stored meat we wanted. The Fair Board had a locker and in it were two large pots—probably 30 inches tall and 18 inches in diameter. Each was approximately half full of the two types of chili for the chili dogs. I questioned the source of the chili. “Oh, I bring these back each year. That way I don’t have to buy as much,” said Pat. That’s right. The pots were never washed. They were never emptied.

I never ate any chili dogs and advised my friends against it as well.

Pat’s parsimony with the chili was also reflected by what he told me about selling the fountain soft drinks. He told me to size up the young children and to give them mostly ice with just enough of the soda to color the water. “They won’t know the difference” said Pat.

My other remembrance from the concession stand was that every two hours, it was my job to check and clean the bathrooms. This was the county fair. Those bathrooms were sometimes abused. Once, a woman came in, looked at me cleaning up and said something about being “behind a door” and used the facilities. That was ok, but when I emerged and went directly to the food counter, she was not happy. I had washed my hands, of course, but no one had given me any other instruction. She reproached me for not wearing gloves and for not having different clothing for cleaning bathrooms versus serving food. Later when I told Pat about this, he merely shrugged. “She’ll get over it,” he said.

The worst job, probably the worst one I ever had, was after the fair. This was a farming community. Lots of farm animals had been shown. That meant lots of manure. I worked with two other people. One, Duane, was mentally deficient. He was pleasant but not much of a worker. He had a penchant for doing things he was not supposed to. An example was using the lawn mower which was electric. Duane would inevitably start mowing and then run over the extension cord.

The other worker, to my teenage eyes, was an ancient, wiry, bad-tempered old man. He let me know he was experienced at this work. “Man, the s__t, I’ve shoveled,” he would remind me. All day, we would shovel. Now and then, Pat would come by and hitch up one of the wagons we were filling and haul it off. It was a long three weeks, enlivened only once—when Duane set fire to a pile of tires and the rolling black smoke led to an emergency call from a nearby resident and the subsequent arrival of the volunteer fire department.

The downside of these jobs was that none of them paid well, and except for 4-5 weeks encompassing the county fair, none were consistent. When I started college, I hoped for something better. So did my mother.

After my freshman year of college, I was awarded an “Undergraduate Research Participation Grant” by the National Science Foundation.  This kept me busy at St Louis University where I was attending. There was little pay, and the professor I worked for was a terrible communicator. My summer was one long series of simple lab experiments. Mix A with B and see what happens. If you don’t like the results, try heating it, then try cooling it. Change the proportions. Try a different reactant. Nothing worked, but I did learn a lot about laboratory techniques and the experience guided my intentions to not be any sort of synthetic chemist once I graduated.  I jokingly called my efforts: “Synthesis of crud in high yield.”

The following summer brought serious problems. I was now attending the University of Illinois which ended its semester in June. It was too late to participate in the farm work—which mostly went to those younger than me anyway. I applied for a lot of jobs and worked at the store Friday night and Saturday, but this left me at home far too much for my mother.

I still believe her constant disapproval was unfair. She was angry to have me about the house. She was particularly unhappy if I stayed out late with friends being sure I would not have done so if I had a job.

She must have complained mightily to her father. He had worked for the State of Illinois repairing roads and signs. Surely, he would have connections. One night he picked me up and took me to someone’s home in the nearby village of Millersburg. This man, I realized was one of Grandpa’s drinking buddies, but he knew the secretary of a local construction union.  The three of us went to this man’s house and explained how I needed work. The man said they hired workers from a pool every morning. I should go and sign-up.

I was to be there every morning by 6:30. By 7, they would know how many men were needed and would call the next ones on the list. Then everyone else would go home. A problem was that the office where the morning assignments were given was 50 miles away. I did not have use of a car.  I no longer recall how it was that a classmate of mine was dragooned into the same morass. He had use of a car and I could pay him to take me along. Dutifully, every morning, we awoke at 5:30, drove the 50 miles, waited, and went home. I think we did this for three weeks. There were a few other men, much older, who waited with us. There were no jobs. I think the older men were there to fulfill requirements to receive unemployment pay. It was a waste of time. My mother, however, was pleased. She told everyone what I was doing, and the fact that I could not sleep late seemed to solve most of her problem with me.

Eventually, my grandfather’s political connections got me a job with the state highway department cutting weeds. I had my own scythe! Day after day, we were dropped off along a state highway to cut locations inaccessible to tractors. This was a lot like making hay. I liked being outside and the pay was better. Nearly all the full-time workers, mostly tractor drivers, were local farmers. I already knew several of them. They worked hard. One of my college-age compatriots had long hair and the farmers were merciless with ribald comments toward him. However, the only real drama that stemmed from this job occurred the following December during my winter holiday from college.

Our part of Illinois was hit with a huge ice storm followed by heavy snowfall. This meant lots of roads to plow. The snowplow drivers, some of the same farmers I had worked with in the summer, had already worked long hours. Another big storm struck. It was about 7:00 in the evening and I was visiting a girlfriend when her phone rang. It was my supervisor from the previous summer. It had been deemed unsafe for the drivers to be out that night alone. They needed riders. Regulations did not permit me to drive. I was assigned to the “efficient” farmer I have described above. He would be good company. Because it was night, I was to be paid double-time. By 8:30, we were rolling.  The storm raged all night. My job, besides keeping Wib awake, was to pull a lever to strew salt on the road at intersections. Conditions were horrific. The snow piled up all night long. There was no way to keep up with it.

We would drive our route, and then return to the shed for more gravel and more salt. Wib had already driven the truck all day. By early the next morning, he and some of the other drivers had worked 27 hours without a break. Sandwiches had been handed into the cab when the trucks were re-loaded at the shed.

The storm broke about 9 that morning. The skies, while not clear, had lifted such that visibility was good. I was already on the clock for more hours than the state had allotted. A radio message went out that all the drivers should take a break. A centrally located cafe at a highway intersection was selected. We all met up and ordered breakfast. It was a beleaguered group.

Perhaps you can guess what happened next. Someone drove by on the still icy and snow-packed roads and spied five state trucks equipped with plows in a cafe parking lot at ten o’clock in the morning. The epithets and curses hurled at the lazy state workers wasting his tax money were as bad as you can imagine. I said that the farmers in my hometown were taciturn. This group was also tired. With a disdainful shake of their heads, they just kept on eating breakfast. Our oppressor took the hint and left. I have thought of that incident a lot. Not all public workers are always lazy. They might even be heroic.

The following year, I hoped again to work for the State. The weed-cutting job was not available and, instead, I was assigned to a road and sign crew. Here, I received more education.

These jobs were mostly patronage, meaning that the party in power, the one that had won the governorship, this time the republicans, did the hiring. Because governors came and went (mostly to jail in Illinois!), no one with a real career wanted these jobs. That is why the weed crew, which operated out of a “shed” near my small hometown, was mostly populated by farmers supplementing their income.

The sign and road crew operated from a shed in East St Louis. This was different. Most of the workers were required to have some skill or experience.

The foreman was a former brewery supervisor. He had the most prodigious beer belly I have ever seen. No shirt could cover the bottom of his stomach. He would walk about, a chewed-up cigar stuffed in the corner of his mouth, pointing that bare belly and navel at everyone he approached. Besides his looks, he was not a nice man.

The workers in this group, which I now remember were 100% white in an area that was predominantly black, were not industrious farmers. There were exceptions, but most were people who could not get any other job. Several were alcoholics. A few had been retired and no longer capable or interested in any real work. It was mostly a travesty. (It is important for me to note: few who read this will know who I am talking about, but there was an adult worker from my hometown who was a good man and a solid worker. He was an exception.)

The problem was compounded by recent changes in the patronage rules. The foreman was hired originally because he was a democrat. Now, his workers were hired because they were republicans. Several times that summer, he assigned two volatile workers who hated each other to a shared task. He was delighted the time the morning paper had a photo of two state workers (republicans obviously) having a fistfight on the job. On the other hand, the foreman was careful about the political days at the State Fair. The idea was that the crowd on Republican Day must be bigger than Democrat Day and vice versa. One way to do this was to require, surreptitiously, that all state patronage workers attend Republican Day.  Our foreman, although a democrat, had to look out for himself and his own attendance on Democrat Day.  Plus, he did not want to be blamed for blatant absenteeism.  What he did was forbid three reliable drivers from attending the State Fair. I was assigned to one as his rider.  The foreman had interviewed all the workers, learning where they habitually stopped for coffee and lunch.  He made up routes for the non-attendees and we drove the district all day being sure to stop at every known worker hang-out. I ate lunch twice and drank a lot of soft drinks.

Much of that summer, my job was to fix the delimiters, the reflectors on metal posts that line exit ramps and portions of highways. My driver was too old and decrepit to perform the labor, but he was a passable driver.

About once a week, the foreman would have me load some of the metal posts into his state-provided pickup. “In case you need extras someday, you can call me,” he said. We called him once and he angrily told us to “Do your job and bring enough next time.” Later we drove by his son’s used car lot. There were those posts, supporting the wire fence around the lot.

One of the painters was an especially noteworthy alcoholic. A friend of his would go by a tavern each morning and pick him up already drunk. Once, I was assigned to work with this man. I should not have accepted. His hands shook so badly that I feared for my life as he drove. At our job site, he opened his lunch box and inside was a bottle of Ten-high—a cheap whiskey.

One of the tasks of this “shed” was to paint stripes and edges on the highway. The drivers of the primary equipment were not patronage, but full-time workers. Most of them consistently performed their jobs. Once, however, there was an exception. The crew with the edger did not return to the shed. Eventually, the foreman called the State Police. The workers were found in back rooms at a combination roadhouse/whorehouse. At least in that case, they were fired.

Because much of the equipment was relatively unique, the area assigned to the East St Louis shed was large. This meant some of the projects were “stay-outs,” meaning the crew would work longer days, stay at motels during the week, return Thursday evenings, and have Friday off. I did not feel I was paid enough not to go home at night, but there was a week at the end of the summer when it suited me to be home on Friday. I volunteered for that week’s stay-out. My job was easy. I rode in the back of the truck that did the center striping. I had to keep a box of “beads” full to mix with the paint. These “beads” are the small particles that make center and edge stripes reflective. One incident from that week is forever imprinted in my memory.

One night we stayed in a small village in far Southern Illinois. The area was impoverished. There was nowhere to eat. That evening a couple of us had a stale sandwich at a tiny bowling alley. Now it was time for breakfast. There was another college student on the crew, and we went in search of a cafe. The one we found appeared very rundown, but we entered. A woman approached with menus. We gawked. Whatever your picture of a “hag” is, she was it and more. She seemed old, but who could tell? Her hair was comprised of a white and gray mixture of unkempt tufts.  She was missing some front teeth.

We shuddered and shook our heads but prepared to order. The woman began approaching with two glasses of water. Just then, one of the large black German cockroaches famous in that part of the US skittered across the floor. The woman spied it and with a quickness we did not expect, stomped it.  She looked at us and cackled.  Then she proceeded to put the waters on the table and turn back toward the kitchen. The smashed carcass of the big cockroach lay there for inspection, next to our table. Without a word we arose and left. Our breakfast that day consisted of cheap powdered donuts from a gas station. I have traveled many places and eaten at a few I would describe as “sketchy,” but the worst place I ever saw was this one, less than a hundred miles from my hometown.

I think back on that summer now with amazement. Much was about to happen.  In a few days I was to begin my senior year at the University of Illinois. A year later, I could call myself a chemist and would be living in Arizona with a wife I had not yet met.  I never had to perform jobs such as these again, but I will always be grateful for the many lessons I learned.

That’s Dumb Fred!

The shout echoed in the mountain stillness. Debbie’s southern accent drew out the word “duuumuumb!” 

Later, Fred complained.  He already knew what he was doing was ill-advised…and dangerous. By the time his wife was shouting at him, he was frightened. 

Fred was inching along the top of a cirque.  There was a vertical wall above.  Below was an incline steeper than the angle of repose.  He was moving delicately along a sloping ledge of ice and loose rock.  A slip and he would tumble hundreds of feet into a field of large boulders. 

We had just completed the steep ascent of Red Dirt Pass.  The rest of us had descended through talus and boulders to the bottom of the cirque. Fred had been loath to give up that much elevation. He knew our destination, Peggy Lake, was over the ridge. If he could traverse the cirque up high, he would not have to climb back up from below.   He made it safely, but his route did not save him time and the elevation avoided, he admitted, had not been worth the risk.

Peggy Lake is actually two lakes. The larger is a typical cirque-lake, appearing to emanate from the steep slope from where the glacier carved the basin. This lake drains into a channel that cuts through a ridge into a second, much-smaller lake. Here in Northern Colorado’s Mt. Zirkel Wilderness, Peggy Lake resides at 11,300 ft, just above timberline.

The lakes are surrounded by willow and krummholz, the latter defined as “stunted, deformed vegetation encountered in … subalpine tree line landscapes, shaped by continual exposure to fierce, freezing winds.” I had never seen anything like this before.

It was 1974. Mary and I were on our first multi-day backpacking trip—six nights in the wilderness. We were in a group of thirteen on a trip sponsored by the Wilderness Society (TWS).  TWS led “Way to the Wilderness” trips as a means of publicizing the Wilderness Act in hopes that more acreage would be added. After only a few seasons, the program was abandoned. TWS realized that wilderness areas did not need publicity. Many areas quickly suffered from too many visitors. Indeed, our own group was too large for such a fragile area.

Nonetheless, for us, the trip was special. We had moved from Illinois to Tucson a few days after our wedding three years earlier. Mary’s family had no interest in the outdoors beyond views from scenic overlooks or through a windshield. My family never had time or money to go anywhere. I had never seen a mountain. Our first few months in Tucson, we visited local parks and began hiking. Hiking led to an interest in backpacking. We had no experience and no mentors. Even though we accomplished two or three successful overnight trips near Tucson, a week-long trip in Colorado, mostly above timberline, was daunting. That’s why we signed up to go with the Wilderness Society.

When Mary and I decided to marry, we had little idea where we would live and no idea how important outdoor activities would become. As I think of it now, what attracted us to each other was that nothing we said seemed to have nuance. What I mean is that any shading of definition Mary might have used in a word, was the same for me. We communicated as if we had one of Spock’s “mind-melds” from the old Star Trek series. We had constant, honest, and comprehensive communication. We still have it. How lucky for us that we found each other.  

Mary and my values regarding the world at large and how people should be treated were congruent, but leisure activities were a blank slate. I would have said my favorites were watching baseball and basketball, playing golf, and hunting. In contrast, Mary had been sickly as a young child having missed months of school due to various ailments. Her mother was over-protective. I was shocked when, just prior to graduation, we went to a city park and Mary said she did not think she had ever been in the sun two consecutive hours in her life. In fact, on that occasion, she burned her fair skin so badly I was unable to touch her the rest of the weekend.

Both of us planned to go to graduate school in Chemistry. Apropos of our compatibility, before we met, we had each dutifully applied to three schools, and two were the same: Michigan State and Arizona. (I have related elsewhere why we chose Arizona, GERMANS SUCK! – Birds and More). Arizona was exotic for me. I had never been west of Central Missouri.

I expected graduate school to lead to a career, although I had nothing specific in mind. Mary, who already was a certified teacher, was primarily interested in seeing another part of the country, not being ready to “settle down.” She was particularly motivated not to end up back in her hometown with her parents, their church, and their friends.

We did not meet until October of our senior year at the University of Illinois in Urbana. Both of us had come from long term relationships with high school sweethearts. Hers ended in a failed marriage, mine just……ended. I had few dates in college. I graduated with a Bachelor of Science (B.S.) in Chemistry certified by the American Chemical Society. There were several lesser degrees in Chemistry. The certified B.S. was the most difficult.  Long class hours were required.  In addition, for portions of two years I had a part-time job. I had no time for a social life.  When I saw other students paired up—even couples studying together, I was envious. I finally was able to have that experience but only for the latter two months of my senior year’s first semester. In January, Mary moved to Chicago where she would complete her requirements for teaching.

Consequently, I was anticipating graduate school not for what I was to learn, but as a time to be a happy young couple. Tucson has an adjacent National Park (then a Monument) and the famous Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum. We visited those immediately and noticed signs for hiking trails.

I had hiked as an Illinois Boy Scout, but those were trails on roads. Here, trails went into the mountains. I bought maps. I was shocked that there were so many canyons. Of course, I had heard of the Grand Canyon. Going through Texas on the move to Arizona, there had been a sign for Palo Duro Canyon, but now learning that there were hundreds of named canyons in the mountains surrounding Tucson was a revelation. I wanted to visit all of them.

Everything was discovery in those days. The exotic plants amazed us. It was a few weeks before someone corrected our pronunciations and we stopped saying o-co-til-lo and sa-gwar-o for two of the common desert plants.

We wanted to hike. I asked my dad (SHOEMAN: HOW MY DAD TAUGHT ME TO BE A BIRDER – Birds and More) to order Mary a pair of hiking boots and we set off. There was, however, the problem of how little outdoor activity Mary had done. Although interested, she was tentative.

Most would agree that among my personality flaws is impatience. What was fortunate was that Southern Arizona was so new to me that anything I was able to do was exciting. Accordingly, I was mostly satisfied with our slow start. At first, we only hiked short distances, maybe two miles out and two back.  Mary’s reward was a stop at an A&W Root Beer stand after a successful hike. We had so little money, an A&W was a fancy treat.

Then I suggested camping and backpacking. My camping experience consisted of sleeping in big Army surplus wall tents as a Boy Scout. Otherwise, I had done a week-long canoe trip when a friend and I slept on sand bars, but that was it. I read books and we visited stores, finally buying a second-hand backpacking tent and sleeping bags. The tent was tiny—barely room for both of our medium frames. The first time we went camping, all we brought were thin foam pads. We slept poorly, but we had such an enjoyable time during the day that we tried again.

Finally, it was time for an overnight pack trip. We hiked to an area called Sycamore Flats in the Coronado National Forest. I mostly remember that I was apprehensive. I did not sleep well. What was important, however, was that now “I was a backpacker.” It was a label I dearly wanted. It was the same for Mary.

We did more overnight trips. On one, my anxiety coupled with the poor sleeping conditions resulted in a headache and severe nausea. Once home, I slept soundly and felt fine.

Another time, we became spooked by the heat and decided to turn around. I always worried too much about Mary, so I decided to carry her pack.  I hugged hers in front, with mine on my back as we returned to the car. The hot day and all that exertion caused my fingers and hands to swell. That frightened me enough that I called a doctor that night. Because I did not have a fever, he told me to go to bed.  I was fine the next morning. I realized later that we had walked more miles that day than if we had gone on to our designated camp.  It is a wonder that we continued.

We began to take along a friend of mine from graduate school. He had such poor eyesight; he was unable to drive a car. Having someone else along gave us comfort. Still, on a trip with him, my lack of sleep once again led to nausea. We had an extremely hot hike out and Dave carried extra water and poured it over me whenever we rested. Even with such problems, we had seen enough and experienced enough of the backcountry that we wanted more, but we were still fearful. That is why we signed up for the Wilderness Society group trip.

I began our trip to Peggy Lake, as usual, not sleeping and developing a severe headache which, in the past, had led to nausea and the need to go home. These trips always had a participating doctor—a fact that had comforted us. The doctor was Fred. I went to Fred confident he would give me something for the headache. All he said was, “that happens sometimes, I suggest you just lay still.” Others went fishing that afternoon, but I laid still. I did not want to burden the others nor be embarrassed by my weakness. It worked. Without the tossing and turning, the headache subsided. I slept well that night and thoroughly relaxed into the trip. It wasn’t that I never again had sleepless nights while backpacking, but I no longer feared the headache and never had that sort of nausea again.

It was two days later, now totally absorbed within the trip, that I saw Peggy Lake for the first time. The lake shimmered in its basin. The view was particularly rewarding because of the effort.  High above on the east side was a T-shaped snow field. The setting sun illuminated it to a deep orange. The skies were beautiful. I was thrilled with the exhilaration of being above timberline.

Snow field above Peggy Lake (August1974).

That night…the wind blew. It blew hard. Our tent heaved and sagged against us, but I was so relaxed I awoke refreshed. Upon emerging from the tent, we saw others had not fared so well. The wind had snapped a tent pole in one instance. Two other tents had collapsed when the wind pulled tent pegs from the ground. Most people were exhausted.

The morning was bright and clear. Mary and I walked below camp and down the outlet stream. We observed that we were in the middle of two cirques. The glacier had probably dug the lake below us first and then receded over a short plateau before gouging Peggy Lake.  We reached a cliff and gazed far below into the deep indigo waters of aptly named Blue Lake. Here the stream had cut through deep snow and carved a cave. We could peer through the cave as the water plunged into a series of cascades. It was breathtaking—and all new.

As part of my backpacker/wilderness fantasy, I wanted to catch some trout. Where I grew up, there were no native trout. It was all bass and catfish. The streams were muddy. Being able to catch trout from a “clear, blue mountain lake,” well, that was something I had to do. I had visited several stores to buy just the right fishing gear and lures for this trip. But the fish did not cooperate. Others had caught fish the previous days—especially the three guides. The voluble Fred had been successful, proclaiming that having a fish on the line was “better than an orgasm!” A comment that brought a disdainful look from his wife.

Our second camp had been adjacent to a small stream. To me, it was perfect fly-fishing water. The guides went off with their spinning gear and soon returned with a mess of fish. I had fished but had not even seen any. After failing with flies, I tried my spinning gear too and never understood how the guides succeeded.

Thus, at Peggy Lake I was determined. The wind was still whipping the lake into whitecaps, but I kept casting.  Suddenly, the wind subsided. I cast. There was a tug on my line. I set the hook and soon landed a beautiful cutthroat trout of 2-3 pounds. A few casts later, I caught another. I was the only successful angler that day and “my” fish were a nice complement to dinner that night.

That second dinner at Peggy Lake, however, almost did not happen. This trip of thirteen was mostly compatible. There was, however, one couple that struggled, Stan and Jan. Stan was ok, it was the “couple” that struggled.

Jan apparently had expected less strenuous hiking and guides strumming a guitar and leading sing-a-longs by the fire. Instead, we had some long tough hiking days and guides who either spent the evenings fishing or recounting their hunting adventures. Peggy Lake, itself, was not on a trail. That is how Fred found himself traversing a cliff on an icy slope. The rest of us, while in safer conditions had not found it easy. We had to scramble though boulders and talus. Once through those, the remaining incline was steeper than any section one would find on a constructed trail. We staggered over the ridge. Then, that night’s howling winds disturbed nearly everyone’s sleep.  Stan and Jan’s tent did not break, but the wind had pulled out some stakes requiring a middle of the night resettlement.

Jan had been sarcastic and unhappy the entire trip, but she really let loose at breakfast. She let us know how miserable she was and how much she hated the place. This was to be our only lay-over day so most of us scattered as Jan continued to browbeat her husband and anyone else nearby.

When we returned for lunch, Jan was still griping at Stan. Finally, I noticed him talking with the guides.  Subsequently, he came over and announced that we needed to meet. We sat in a circle as Stan told us there was sufficient time to pack up and move down to Blue Lake. There were trees down there. We would be sheltered from the wind. We would have fewer miles to walk the next day making that part of the trip easier. Jan, he said, was unhappy and wanted to leave. The guides were willing to do whatever the group wanted. We should vote. Stan voted first—to leave.

I do not remember exactly how we were ordered, but Jan was something like the 8th or 9th person in the circle. One by one, everyone after her husband had voted to stay, most remarking on the beauty of the place or the fact that while still breezy, it was now less so. When it was Jan’s turn, she said, “Well, if everybody else is voting to stay, then I’ll vote to stay too.” If looks could kill, Stan would have been guilty of justifiable homicide. We never heard of them again, but I would be surprised if their marriage persisted.

The wind ceased by evening. It was cold enough that there were no insects. We had a pleasant time talking around our small fire.  The guides were locals. Jim, the leader, was a high school teacher. The other two were friends of his, mostly along to go fishing, we suspected. One of them worked as a ranch-hand, and the other worked in construction but only to support his hunting habit. They had a lot of stories and jokes, most of them not worthy of repeating but funny at the time.

Jim was a rafting guide in the summer. He said the previous year, he was guiding a family and in the middle of the trip the husband stood up, waved at the scenery, and said, “Damn my folks for raising me in Ohio! I’m moving out here.” Jim related that within three months, the family, which included a couple of children, had sold what they could and packed what was left and moved to Laramie. The husband had found construction work and now had access to all the hunting and fishing he desired. I have thought of that story often. Mary and I had moved west with the idea that it was temporary, but soon realized we were not moving back.

I never slept better than I did that night and the cold, clear tundra morning was unforgettable. The hike to Blue Lake and beyond was slower and more difficult than Stan had been led to believe when he tried to convince us to depart the day before.  We had several more hours to contemplate the scenery as we descended. If I had never returned, Peggy Lake’s basin would have remained etched in my memory. 

We did return, but not for 28 years. By this time, our now-adult children, Ann, and Adam, not even contemplated on that first trip, accompanied us. We followed the same route.

We made the same steep trek over the ridge that contained the cirque. Peggy Lake sat there as beautiful as ever. The fishing was better. I caught and released many and kept enough for us to have a nice meal of the deep pink flesh of a natively spawned and fed trout.

The next afternoon, Ann and I climbed Table Mountain, the higher ridge to the east. On top, the area lived up to its name. It was flat with scattered rocks and grasses. Many alpine flowers were blooming, especially gentian as this was late summer. From scattered boulders American Pipits perched and called out.  It was wonderful being there with Ann.  We enjoyed and discussed the spectacular views, while we reminisced about our previous backpacking trips when she was a child.  It was a special time.

Peggy Lake from Table Mountain (August 2002).

We walked north and had a beautiful view of Blue Lake below and Twin Lakes to the Northeast. Then we headed south toward Gold Creek basin which we had traversed the day before. Soon we were overlooking Red Dirt Pass. I recognized that it would be a relatively short scramble from the pass to where we were standing. Then one could descend the steep mountainside to Peggy Lake.  This route would avoid both the dangerous traverse Fred had used as well as the steep descent down from the pass and the scramble through boulders and talus and the steep climb we had done both other trips. I was determined to return soon and try the route.

That evening, we walked over to the western ridge because there was an expansive view of Frying Pan Basin below. There was a bear! We had seen one at a distance the day before on the other side of the pass. This one was much closer although we were located several hundred feet above. The bear was in a lush, green meadow. A small stream meandered through it and there were a few small tarns in between.

We lost sight of the bear as it moved off into shrubs and boulders on the south side of the meadow. We continued to watch. In the fading bright light, the small streams and tarns turned to liquid silver.  The surrounding peaks were orange with alpenglow, but we became distracted from the colors as more than twenty elk–mostly cows with calves emerged from the trees. There were also two large bulls with magnificent racks.

At first, the elk fed slowly as they tentatively entered the meadow.  Suddenly, the calves began to play and gambol as if they were lambs. One would race and with a leap, splash its front feet into a tarn, then it would wheel and chase one of its herd mates. The cows tolerated it, but one of the bulls angrily shook its antlers at one of the calves and they gave him a wide berth afterwards.

It was elk recess! The calves had to bed down quietly and hide during the day. Now, here in the twilight, they were free to run and jump and chase. It was a beautiful quiet evening on that ridge. We had seen a bear and now elk playing. The setting was primordial.

Two years later, I was back. This time was different. Three weeks before, I had stumbled while crossing a beaver dam and twisted my knee. The meniscus was torn, and surgery was scheduled. I could not run, but I could walk. The surgeon had told me hiking would not cause additional damage.

My sister had told me that her son, Danny, wanted to go backpacking. My brother’s son, Matt, also wanted to go.  I suggested they fly to Denver. I could drive over from Grand Junction, and we could pick up our son Adam in Ft Collins and go to the Mt Zirkel Wilderness Area.  We planned to follow our original route except we would climb into Peggy Lake Basin from Red Dirt Pass without doing the wicked descent and subsequent steep climb as on our previous trips. 

This time, we also climbed Mt Zirkel on the way. My physical conditioning was excellent. I had been running and participating in races prior to the knee injury. After the injury, I could still use our elliptical machine.

My knee was holding up. I was taking ibuprofen—”vitamin I” as many call it, but it hurt quite a bit descending the steeper portions from Mt Zirkel. At least we had dropped our packs at Red Dirt Pass, so I was not managing extra weight on the descent.

The climb from Red Dirt Pass to Table Mountain, followed by the direct descent to the lake proved easier than I expected. It removed most of a day from the trip. I realized I no longer needed 4 or 5 nights to visit Peggy Lake. Our original route, because of the talus and the steep slope below Red Dirt Pass, never seemed desirable to retrace, hence we had always descended via Blue Lake Basin.  Now, I knew we could go in and out on the same trails. Hiking out from Peggy Lake, being mostly downhill on easy trail, could be accomplished in a single, long, day.

That layover day at Peggy Lake was pleasant. All of us caught fish and we had a few to eat. That evening at dinner, we had a great sight.  A rare Short-eared Owl was hunting the tundra.

The next day we did the steep descent to Blue Lake. Having done it a couple of times, I knew we needed to traverse most of the basin up high, thereby limiting the length of the steep portion. What was important to me is that Adam suggested he do the steepest section while carrying my pack. He had a hiking pole and good balance and did not think it would be too difficult. He knew my knee was much less painful if I descended with reduced weight.

I was relieved for the help. As I watched Adam striding confidently down that steep slope, other images flooded my mind. For fifteen years, we had backpacked together. Where was the little boy I had cajoled with stories and snacks to keep him trudging along? Where was the little boy who cried so heartily when I made him release some frogs, he had caught one night in the canyon country?  For years, I had supported him. Initially, I carried his tent and sleeping bag and all the food. Eventually, he carried more and more until he was going on his own. Now, I was grateful for his assistance—exceedingly grateful to be at Peggy Lake one more time. We had come full circle. I was tired and hurting. I was also overflowing with the area’s beauty. Enjoying my personal thoughts and the experience I was giving my Illinois nephews; I wiped the tears from my eyes and followed.

Then, four years later came THE accident. I have written about this elsewhere.  A backpacking accident in the Grand Canyon nearly took my life (Amazon.com: On Foot: Grand Canyon Backpacking Stories) . My body endured three days of surgery immediately following the accident and afterwards I had more than ten additional surgeries. I spent a month in the hospital and another month in a hospital bed at home.  More than a decade later, I know that my recovery was remarkable. I owe much of that revival to exceptional physical therapists trained at the Institute for Physical Art (IPA) in Steamboat Springs.

I became particularly reliant on Steve, one of the therapists.  By happenstance, IPA was holding a class in Grand Junction while I was in the hospital.  Steve was one of the instructors. It had been a dreary day. It was early November. I had been hurt on a bright day in October and now a winter gloom was settling both outside and in my mind. It was a Saturday. I probably had a therapy session and a visit from Mary, but most of the activity occurred on weekdays. I had spent most of the day alone. There is little on TV that I watch. I was reading. I remember the room being dark and feeling lonely. I heard my name in the hallway and then Steve entered.

He explained that he had to go to dinner with the other instructors and could not stay long but had wanted to stop by. A day or so before, I had met the local surgeon who was going to follow my case and eventually perform a couple of surgeries. He had looked down at me and said, “What devastating injuries. I have never seen anyone recover from this.” I related this to Steve. He shook his head. “You’ll recover. I worked at an orthopedic hospital in Maryland and saw people in worse shape. You’ll run again.” I will never forget his optimism.  It was also a commitment because he knew he was going to be intimately involved in my rehabilitation. Those reassuring words on that dark night were a vital step in my recovery.

The following summer, still with several surgeries to go, I had already done a brief, solo overnight backpack.  In my many sessions with Steve, I learned he was a fly fisherman but because of his work and study schedule, he had not had time to explore the area near Steamboat Springs, which includes the Zirkel Wilderness. “Why don’t we go to Peggy Lake,” I suggested. Accompanied once again by Adam, we left early one morning.

Once again, the weather was perfect, as was the fishing. More than that, my body performed splendidly. Not only was I back at Peggy Lake, but I was back!  Although I had new limitations and was facing more surgeries, that trip was a momentous milestone in my post-accident life.  

I am a happy wilderness fisherman, one year after my accident (August 2009).

I returned to Peggy Lake once more. I had regaled friends of mine with stories of the fishing. One desperately wanted to visit for that reason. My other backpacking friend said he wanted to accompany us but let us know that “I don’t like to fish. I don’t eat fish. I don’t like to watch people fish.” I explained that the hike was long enough, the area big enough, and beautiful enough that he need not worry. We were on the trail at noon, and at Peggy Lake the next afternoon again climbing Mt Zirkel on the way. Weather was good, fishing was great.  My non-fishing friend found plenty of area to explore. 

On our departure, we had a magnificent hike out over Table Mountain.  The tundra was sparkling with dew that accentuated the brilliance of the wildflowers.  The morning was windless. The skies blue with distant fluffy clouds.  It occurred to me, that I was nearing seventy.  I might not be coming back.  I made sure to revel in the magnificence.

SHOEMAN: HOW MY DAD TAUGHT ME TO BE A BIRDER

I recall a first-grade assignment when I was to print a few words about my family. This was back in the day with super thick pencils and paper with an inch or more space between the lines. After I asked my mom what my dad’s job was, I carefully printed SHOEMAN. That seemed ok to my 6-year-old mind. I had a book about firemen.  We had a mailman to deliver the mail. I even remember milk delivered by the milkman and there was an ice plant with an iceman. My dad worked with shoes so naturally he was a shoeman.  Later, I changed my dad’s job title to the more respectable, or so I thought, shoe-retailer.

It was decades later before I knew anyone else had called Dad a shoeman. Here are excerpts from a column that appeared in the area newspaper, approximately 15 years after my dad sold his business. The author said he was prompted to write after taking his son to the mall where a disinterested clerk handed him several boxes of shoes with a “Here, try these on.” The column, describing his childhood experience, appeared in 1997*:
…when I needed shoes, I’d take a couple of steps across the aisle to Korte’s Shoe Store. Mr. Korte himself would greet me and Mom, sit us down in his comfortable trying-on-shoes chairs and begin the royal treatment.
   While asking how Pop and other members of the family were doing, Mr. Korte would nimbly untie the double knot in my dusty high-top tennis shoes. I had put a lot of miles on them since the last time I’d been in. …. Mr. Korte would check my arches, just to make sure I did not develop flat feet like my brother and need extra support. I did not. Size 5D, he would guess. Then he would slide my foot into a metal contraption that would tell him he guessed right.
  Red Ball Jets… he’d say, “high tops, white, right?” Right, Right, Right.
His store was tiny, so he did not have many shoes on display. But the back room must have been about the size of Mascoutah. No matter what you wanted, he had it in the back room.
  “I’ll be right back, “he would say, and he’d disappear into the back room. He would come back carrying four or five boxes of Red Ball Jets, from a 5B to a 6 ½ D.
  Mr. Korte would lace up each new pair all the way to the top and gently ease my foot into the shoe with the help of the shoehorn he kept in his shirt pocket. He always insisted I try on both left and right.
“Now take them for a test drive,” he would say. He did not mean take a step or two. He meant walk around the store, down around the sport coats, past the BVDs, over by the ties and back.  If the coast was clear, he’d even let me take a run down the aisle. “Go ahead and Jump” he’d say. “that’s what you’re going to be doing in them anyway.”
   I’d jump.
“How does that feel? A little tight? He’d push his thumb around my toes. “Yeah, looks like you could use a little more room.” So, he’d try on another pair and another. Until it was just right.
We’d leave the store, I’d have the new Jets on my feet, ready to go. And the old ones would be tucked into the box in the crinkly paper Mr. Korte had tucked around them. The shoehorn that was in his shirt pocket came home with the shoes, too.
   Now that’s a shoe man.


Despite a few exaggerations (Dad would not have needed to bring out such a range of sizes.), the column accurately conveys my dad’s work ethic. Dad taught me that to be successful, be scrupulously honest and work hard.

Dad always reminded me with kids’ shoes, frequently, those Red Ball Jets, “always fit them a half-size too big so they can grow into them. We want them to last all year.” Even if there was slight slippage in the heel, dad would tell the parent, “After he wears them a bit, the heel will conform to the foot as he grows. They’ll be fine.” No wonder we often had people tell us our shoes “wore longer.” We fit them that way.


Moreover, Dad’s mark-up was low. We would marvel at how much the same shoes cost in nearby St Louis. There were reasons for that. Dad’s overhead was low. He never had full-time help. Most of his part-time help was Mom or me. He did not even own the area that contained his store, which he called Korte’s Shoe Department because it was rented space in what was mostly a clothing store.

The columnist marveled at how much stock my Dad had saying there must have been a “back room the size of Mascoutah.” [Mascoutah is a nearby small town.]. Little did he know. Dad rented a ramshackle little building down the alley and across the street. He also kept shoes at our home in the garage. It might be 10 degrees in January, or raining, but after determining what our customer might need, we often would run out the back door, down the alley, across the street and into the “other building” as we called it—unless we had to jump in the car and race home.


At one point, another shoe store opened. It was part of a chain. That worried us because they carried the same brands. Would those brands keep selling to us? With only one store, our volume could not match a chain. I remember one of our suppliers telling me after the other store folded, “I told them they were up against a hard-working man.”

Dad was from a large farming family. They were not well-off. In comparison, working at his store six-days and one evening a week was easy. There were no animals to care for. No outside chores on frigid days. He even had an entire day off.  It did not seem to matter that he never had a vacation. The only time he had two days off in succession was when national holidays such as Christmas fell on Saturday or Monday.

Dad’s early life must have been hard. He seldom spoke of it. I remember him saying once that he didn’t know if they (meaning his parents) “knew he was around most of the time or not.” He was in the middle of nine children and his father had a problem with alcohol. It would be easy to “get lost” as he put it. When pressed for stories, I did not receive many. I recall him telling me one Christmas there were no presents and he cried, but then his mother gave him part of a pencil she broke in half and sharpened.

Another time he talked of his dad “renting some ground,” (a piece of land was always referred to as “ground”) in Shoal Creek bottom, and how he had to take a wagon over there and cut weeds out of the corn and sleep and eat there for a few days. I have been to insect-laden locations from the tropics to Alaska and I am not sure anywhere is as bad as Shoal Creek bottom in the summer. It must have been miserable.

In addition, Dad was drafted to fight in World War II early in 1943 when he turned eighteen. Dad never wanted to talk about the War, only referring to it as a “big waste.” The only time I saw him animated when talking about military service was when I suggested there be a rule that only those older than fifty had to fight. “That’s a great idea,” he said.   “That would stop it!” We eventually gleaned that Dad had seen stacks of bodies on the beach at Normandy, that he’d been adjacent to a man shot by a sniper in a mess line, and that he’d been pressed into service as a medic during the Battle of the Bulge because so many had been killed.

Later in life, he seemed nonplussed at the attention veterans received. He had the experience of being included in an “Honor Flight,” where surviving veterans were feted with a trip to Washington DC. He marveled at all the young people “thanking him for his service.” “I did what I was told,” was his response.

I am sure he did. Our Mom deserves credit for this as well, but my siblings and I grew up instilled with a sense of responsibility, integrity, and an expectation that one does a job correctly or not at all.

In looking back, I also learned a great lesson from Dad’s approach to sports—or any contest.  Dad and I could compete in golf, pool, or ping-pong and try as hard as if it were the World Series but winning did not seem that important. It was the fun of trying hard and competing. It was a good lesson for me, because it seemed as if every team, I was part of lost most of its games.

Friendly competition was a primary family trait.  It was strange for me to learn later that in most families, holiday get-togethers consisted of sitting around and talking. That was not something Dad enjoyed. He would stand up and suggest shooting pool, playing cards, or a board game.

Gene Korte, 1978

He particularly enjoyed learning the intricacies of bridge.  Often on Fridays, he would receive a ride from his Assisted Living Complex to a local community center where he would play bridge. In our hometown, few contests existed without money on the line. It would not be much, but it was part of the fun. The last time I talked to him it was a Monday morning.  I asked if he had played bridge the Friday previous. “I did,” he said. “And I won. I brought home a couple of bucks.” At lunch that day he aspirated some food into his lungs.  He succumbed to the resulting pneumonia later that week.**

As for non-competitive outdoor activities, a suggestion of a walk for the sake of walking often received the comment, “I got enough exercise in service!”  Dad enjoyed seeing ducks on his pond and birds at his feeders but never cared to learn about them. On the golf course, we would frequently see Killdeers, and no matter how often I named them, the next time, he would again say, “There goes a snipe!” Driving past swamplands on the way to St Louis, Dad would spy the herons and egrets and, no matter how often I had reminded him, he would remark about all the cranes.

At his bird feeder, to him there were three species: Cardinals, sparrows, and not-sparrows. When I was in Illinois to visit, I would point out the difference between the non-native House Sparrows on the feeder, and the native White-throated Sparrows feeding underneath. He would nod appreciatively but would have forgotten by my next visit.

How could this man have taught me to watch birds?

My hometown of Highland, population four thousand at the time, housed a few commuters to St Louis, but was essentially a Southern Illinois farming community. For most of my growing-up-years, Dad had the only shoe store. Like most of my peers, I wanted to go hunting whenever I could. I was gifted a 12-gauge shotgun for Christmas during my eighth-grade year. My favorite hunting partner was my dad, but he had almost no opportunity to go. My mom and two younger siblings also deserved his time. Sunday morning was for weekly mass leaving little or no time for Dad to go hunting with me. (Saturday evening mass as a substitute for Sunday morning, did not begin until I had left home.)

We did manage an occasional hunt for rabbits after church on Sunday morning. Unfortunately, my favorite hunting was for squirrels which is best if you are in position pre-dawn. Not only are squirrels more active at that time, but most days become breezy about 8:30 or 9 when seeing a squirrel moving in the trees becomes more difficult. Between church on Sunday and the store opening at 8 or 8:30 AM every other day, squirrel hunting the way I wanted to do it, was not possible for Dad.

We went squirrel hunting once. It was an August morning before I left for my second or third year of college. I do not recall if Dad opened late that day or, more likely, Mom opened the store and my brother watched our sister for a couple of hours.

I had often hunted squirrels with friends, and a couple of times with one of Dad’s younger brothers. I was going to show Dad that I really knew what I was doing. Even if he had hunted squirrels growing up, it had been more than 20 years by now.

There were no patches of forest or woodlots near my hometown.  Instead, any place with trees was a “timber.” We went to a location within the “Grantfork timber” that I knew well—or thought I did.

With squirrel hunting, usually you hunt separately, as we did. I carefully described the woods to Dad, telling him where he ought to try. We entered the woods and I suggested we meet back at the same place at a pre-determined time, probably about 9:00.

Here is what I remember: I was excited to be hunting with my Dad and determined to be successful. Squirrel hunting requires stealth with little movement. I knew that, but I had a tough time sitting because after a few minutes of seeing nothing, I would begin to believe that the clump of hickory nut trees fifty yards away was better. I would move. I would see no squirrels and begin to think that the oaks over the hill were better, and I would move again.

I kept in mind the locations I had told Dad to hunt so I did not move toward him. After a while I heard a shot. I only have one good ear so I cannot tell direction of distant sounds. I assumed it was a hunter on an adjacent property.

I kept moving from place-to-place. I never saw a squirrel. Eventually, I heard another shot. The idea that Dad might have taken these shots did not occur to me. My conviction was that on this morning, in these woods, the squirrels were not moving, or they had been hunted too hard and thinned out or were too wary.

I was frustrated and anxious and a little late to our meeting location. I walked there and looked for Dad. I saw him sitting—just where we had split up. I said, “Sorry, have you been waiting long?” He said, “No, I’ve just been sitting here.” “Lousy hunting, wasn’t it?” I said. To my amazement, he picked up two squirrels.

How could this be? I was the mighty hunter who knew these woods. I quizzed him, “Where?” “How?” He said, “Right here.” “Here?” I said in disbelief. It did not look a good place to me. I had told him where to find the Oaks and Hickories where the squirrels feed. There were mature trees all around, but no nut trees. Dad replied, “Well, this was a nice place to sit, and a nice morning, I liked just sitting and looking around. After a while, I saw a squirrel move. It came close enough.  I shot it. I was comfortable, so I sat back down and after a while, another squirrel came into view.  I shot that one too.”

I had worn myself out trying every “great” place in the woods and had found only frustration. I had not had a particularly enjoyable time. Dad clearly did not care if he saw or bagged a squirrel. Free time in the woods on a beautiful morning was a rare thing for him, and his priority was to enjoy being there. I have never forgotten the lesson of that hunt. Sometimes when I am watching or looking for birds, I become anxious, thinking the day may be a failure, or that I should be somewhere else. Often, I think of Dad and that squirrel hunt. I realize, I need to slow down. Sit down. Maybe this is not the best location but sit down anyway. Something might happen. I have had some of my best bird and wildlife encounters that way. Thanks Dad!

*Excerpts from “Its comforting to be solemates with a shoe man,” Patrick Kuhl, Belleville News Democrat, June 6, 1997. 

**Dad died October 28, 2015. He was 91.

OXKINTOK, CHACMULTUN, AND THE CENTER OF THE WORLD

Mary cried all Wednesday–the day before our first trip to the interior of Mexico’s Yucatán peninsula.  Upon arrival at the colonial city of Mérida and finding our small hotel, we walked to Santa Ana Square, planning to eat dinner. We quickly learned Thursday is fiesta night.

There were street vendors, live music, and dancing. The restaurant we had chosen was packed. We were relieved to find two inside seats next to a noisy bar at an adjacent establishment.

The waiter took our order, began to turn, shook his head, leaned back toward us and in perfect English, said, “Why?” “I have to ask. Why?” He had recognized we were from the US. This was the Thursday after Donald Trump had been elected President.

A year later, at the small ruin of Becán near the village of Xujpil, a man sweeping some ancient steps, tested our Spanish by asking if we were from the US. When we responded affirmatively, he humbly asked if we thought people in Mexico were bad. He wanted to know if all Americans thought the way our President did. What about us? How did we find the people we were encountering? Did we believe what our president said about Mexicans? We assured him we were ashamed and embarrassed as were many North Americans.  Indeed, we were proud to tell him this was our second trip in 13 months to small villages and ruins in the Yucatán, and everyone we met had been “muy amable.”


In truth, before the first trip, we had trepidation. Mexico’s reputation for corruption and violence worried us. I tracked down an ex-pat—a birder who had lived for a decade in Progreso on Yucatán’s northern coast. I called her. We spoke at length. Two comments from her stood out. She said the only murder she could remember in 10 years was between two Canadians. Second, she advised that when driving in rural areas while birding, “if you see a side road you want to try, go ahead and do it. It will be safe.”

Sadly, violence has spread to the eastern coast of the Yucatán. There are too many people and too much money flowing through Cancun and the Riviera Maya not to attract the drug cartels. We had no intention of going near that area. We knew it from trips to Isla Cozumel in the 1980s. To those familiar with the area today: imagine—my 1984 journal entry describes arriving at Playa del Carman on a small ferry and noting only one person, “a nearly naked girl,” sunbathing on the beach. Now there are numerous hotels, even casinos, and people everywhere.

We also visited Tulum in the early 1980s. There were no hotels. There was no entrance fee. No restaurants. There were a couple of local vendors selling handicrafts and a handful of tourists. A quick internet search now yields dozens of hotels. The area is also known for gourmet dining.

We snorkeled at Xel Há. We were the only visitors. The pool was at the end of a potholed, unpaved road. Now, it is part of a major resort with a daily entry fee exceeding $100. The same was true of Akumal. Then, a couple of small palapas served a simple lunch of fish, vegetables, and a beer. Now, besides massive hotels, there is a major residential development with high rises and time shares. Fortunately, as my ex-pat contact had informed me, the interior of the Yucatán has not yet succumbed to the tourism juggernaut.

We rented a car from a local garage in Mérida. They did not require any paperwork beyond what we had provided by email. A man met us at the airport, handed us keys and told us to call when we needed the car picked up. He was walking away. I asked, “Don’t you need to be paid?” “Pay me when you return,” he said over his shoulder. The thought that we had been handed a stolen car did cross our minds, but this business had great reviews. Two years later, we confidently rented from them again.

That first night we arrived hungry, several hours after dark. Our small hotel in Mérida was 5 or 6 blocks from Santa Ana square. “Can you call a taxi; we asked the proprietor?” “It is faster if you walk,” he said. “It is safe.” That was the first of many nighttime walks on those streets during our two visits to Mérida. The streetlights are dim, the buildings tall and mostly dark. Occasionally, some locals would pass us, but mostly there was no one else. Were we lucky? Were we naive? In many US cities, I would have felt less secure. The next year we stayed in Campeche City, on the west coast of the peninsula, and had the same experience.

It is risky to generalize because Mérida shares the same problems with any large city. Nonetheless, it was notable when, two years later, at a small cafe, we talked to the owner-chefs who had recently moved after more than a decade of living in Miami. He was French. She was originally from Mexico City. They had two teenaged sons. They related how they had visited Mérida and decided it was a much better place to raise their sons than in the US.

Our comfort with the people and the countryside only increased as we traveled. On that first trip, we spent most of a day with two young men who had a three-wheeled scooter with which they could carry two passengers in the back. We hired them from a street corner in the village of Homún to take us to some cenotes. They enjoyed it as much as we did, bouncing down the dirt roads, then swimming, telling jokes, all with much laughter.

Some cenotes have concrete steps, some have steel ladders. These boys took us to one with a rickety ladder fashioned from tree limbs. Though shaky, it seemed stout enough. Mary and I gingerly began our descent. One of the young men, impatient with our slow progress, scooted out on a large vine and flipped into the water. We had each of these locations to ourselves.  We had agreed on a price but had not discussed how many cenotes we would visit. After swimming in three, it was late; we had to leave.  Both of our hosts were visibly disappointed. They had planned to take us to one more.

Another time, at the small ruin of Xlapak, where afternoon birding had been enticing, I asked the guard if it was possible to enter at 6AM, two hours before opening. The gate could easily be stepped over and I promised to pay him as I left. “I’ll meet you,” he said.  And he was there at 6AM. Later, the Canadian woman who owned the cabin where we were staying said, “I hope you gave him a big tip!”  She enjoyed the local people, she said. Her workers were invariably dependable and honest. As for the guard at the ruin, she said, “They are not paid nearly enough for what they do.” This was true. We had observed how clean and well-kept were these minor ruins. I suppose the guards had little else to do. We usually had to sign a register. Sometimes it had been a week since the previous visitor. Nonetheless, the jungle grows aggressively. Leaves fall throughout the year. There would always be maintenance to perform, besides ensuring that no looting or vandalism occurred.

In the beginning, our exploration of ruins had been the usual. The first one we visited from Mérida was Chichén Itzá. It is magnificent. I had wanted to visit because of its history and a sense of sex and mystery I remembered from an old movie: Against All Odds.

Wary of the expected crowds (~two million annually, pre-covid), we arrived before opening and were through the gate before most tourist buses unloaded. We were able to spend a peaceful half-hour at the famous cenote as I endeavored to listen for the difference in the vocalizations of the nearly identical Tropical and Couch’s Kingbirds.

Vendors were everywhere. There were hundreds. We marveled at how many there were and how so many sold the same wares. How did any of them earn a useful amount of money? As bus after bus unloaded, some portions of the ruins became packed shoulder to shoulder. We were happy to have visited, but also ready to leave.

Next, we visited Uxmal, nearly as famous as Chichén Itzá and deservedly known as the major ruin with the most intricate decoration.   Believed to be completed near the zenith of Mayan civilization, the buildings such as The House of Turtles and the House of the Magician have ornate friezes and carvings.  The setting, because there are some hills, allows one to comprehend the totality of the site, something inhibited at Chichén Itzá because climbing on pyramids at these sites is now prohibited.

During our trips, we visited several large ruins. For example, Edzna, near Campeche City and Ek Balam near Vallodolid are major ruins even if visitation is sparse.  At the latter, a guard at the entrance asked if we were from the US. He said, “no one ever comes here from the US.” In fact, after each of these trips, Mary and I questioned whether we had heard any English spoken so long as we were at a location not frequented by tour buses from the Riviera Maya.

We discovered minor ruins by accident. We had an unexpected free afternoon during our initial visit to Mérida. We were already on the Northwest side of the city having visited a wetland to look for birds. I noted a ruin on our map, Sihunchen, that was only a few miles outside the city. Our gps unit recognized a hamlet, San Antonio Chel, close by the ruin, so we decided to see what we could find.

Once out of Mérida, we found ourselves off pavement driving through tropical dry forest. Road conditions required slow driving and we were rewarded with a perfect view of a Lesser Roadrunner.  It obligingly stopped for inspection and a photo before darting into the bush.

Arriving at San Antonio Chel, we saw a small church on a public square but no one on the street. A road from the square seemed to head in the correct direction so we continued, hoping there would be a sign at the ruin. After a few miles, we saw a sign for rental cabins, but otherwise only more dry jungle.

A few minutes later, we chanced upon some men repairing a bridge. We were able to communicate sufficiently to understand that the location with the cabins was our destination. Upon return, we found the gate locked. I was bold enough to climb over the fence. Almost immediately, I spied a workman raking leaves. He waved me back, gesturing that he would open the gate for us.

Once inside, the man pointed at a small interpretive sign and returned to his work. We had a wonderful afternoon. There were a few cabins that appeared in good condition. Possibly these were used at other times of the year or maybe reserved for groups.

Now, however, we had encountered Sihunchen as our first minor ruin available for solo exploration. The trails among the small building sites were clear. There were helpful interpretive signs that we could read with our basic Spanish.

Site Description at Sihunchen

There was limited restoration.  We climbed one small pyramid that only had enough vegetation removed for a single path to the top. How amazing to have this place to ourselves.

Unsurprisingly, there was a lot of wildlife. I was excited to see my first flock of Ocellated Turkeys. Considering their riotous colors, this bird may be the Americas closest contender to peacocks. We saw hummingbirds, mixed flocks with up to seven species of neotropical warblers, and many flycatchers including, appropriately, the endemic Yucatán Flycatcher.

It is no longer easy to have such a sense of discovery when traveling. The visit to Sihunchen was a rare example—climbing a fence, having a gate unlocked, and a ruin to ourselves. On a later trip, although entrance to the site was open, the guard opened the fabulous stucco frieze at Balamku.  The frieze, depicting Mayan rulers and a sacred mountain is 16.8 m (55 ft) long and 1.75 m (5.7 ft) high.

Our interest in the Mayans had begun with those early trips to Cozumel in the 1980s. I had read John L. Stephens’ famous books (Incidents of Travel in Yucatán, Incidents of Travel in Central America, Chiapas and Yucatán) describing his explorations with illustrator Frederick Catherwood in the 1840s.  I had acquired and read translations of books written near the time of the Conquest and several by more recent explorers.

Recent decades have been rich with new discoveries. Mary and I read articles and watched documentaries as they appeared. Indeed, between our early visits in the 1980s and our recent trips, a young researcher proved that the glyphs on Mayan stellae (large rock slabs) and on buildings were language, a history, not simply names and dates as had been assumed.

It was remarkable to learn that the young researcher who had deciphered these writings was spurned until the old guard of Mayan researchers passed away. I have always believed we should listen more to younger voices; here was another example.

All this explains why, on our third trip, we were descending into Aktun Usil with Lourdes. We had met Lourdes at Oxkintok—a small ruin southwest of Mérida. We were fortunate to have good directions. The road was an obscure track. The small sign for the ruin, unattached on one side and hanging sideways from the other, was not visible from the highway.

As with most small Mayan ruins, Oxkintok had a small guard house where a fee was collected. Then, we were free to explore.

For a ruin such as Oxkintok, archaeologists and anthropologists had, of course, been there before us. Thus, from the internet, we could find maps and explanations. From our studies, we understood the differences in the various Mayan periods and could compare architectural styles from site to site.  Often some stabilization and restoration had been accomplished, but unlike the highly-publicized and well-known locations such as Chichén Itzá , at minor ruins such as Oxkintok, we could climb the small pyramids and enter most of the buildings.

Most of the locations were safe enough.

Becán has larger pyramids than most of the small ruins but they are so steep that thick ropes are suspended to use for safety. Climbing those was exhilarating. From the top, in the far distance, the great pyramids at Calakmul were visible.

The only time I was fearful was at the ruins of Xpujil.  I climbed interior steps to the top of one of the structures.  The steps were of such great age and use that they were worn into a downward slant.   They were also thick with dust. The ascent was not too bad, but coming down, the fine dust filled my eyes in the already dim stairway. The slippery and thick layer of dust combined with the angle of the steps was precarious.  The tunnel was just wide enough that I could not brace myself against the sides. There were no handholds.  I was unnerved.  If I had slipped, I would have tumbled all the way to the bottom. I was relieved to emerge safely. It was fascinating to wander these sites on our own, giving us both a sense of discovery as well as wonder at the sophistication in construction exhibited by the Maya. 

Lourdes, a young lady with strongly Mayan features, had been at Oxkintok’s entry displaying photos of paintings. We believed she was offering to guide us through Oxkintok, so we declined. However, on departure, we realized we had seen nothing like her photos. She was talking to the guard, so we approached and asked where the paintings were. How had we missed them? Finally, we understood they were at a nearby site, in a cave actually. Showing that site was her guiding gig. “Why not?” We thought.

Lourdes had a bicycle but gestured that she needed to board our car. We cleared space for her, and she directed us back down the road about a mile and onto a little-used dirt track. Plants and brush were rubbing against the undercarriage and then we emerged onto a limestone slab.  I looked quizzically at Mary, not wanting to blow a tire on the sharp rock and wondering how far we had to go.

Abruptly, Lourdes told us to stop. We followed her through the brush toward a small hill below which was an opening to a cavern.

Mary and Lourdes Entering the Cavern

Ultimately, we learned the site, Aktun Usil, had been featured in an article in National Geographic. With a strong flashlight, we could see carvings and paintings on the ceiling and walls. It became apparent, and as explained to us by Lourdes, this cavern, now dry, had once been a cenote and water source. As we wandered the cave, Lourdes showed us small carved shrines and recent offerings because the cave was still sacred to some of the locals. Certainly, others have seen Aktun Usil, but our unexpected, private tour was a treat.

Large Stone Face Carved into the Cavern Wall

As we returned Lourdes to her bicycle, we told her we were going to Chacmultun the following day after spending the night in Santa Elena. She suggested we not return to the highway but continue on the road past Oxkintok. We could bisect an area of jungle we would otherwise have had to circumnavigate.

The map on our gps showed no road but depicted the little dot representing our car as passing through a green expanse. A few times, vegetation scraped both sides of our car. Meeting another vehicle would have been problematic. Luckily, we encountered no one and emerged onto the highway, saving considerable driving time.

Chacmultun, in contrast to Oxkintok, was not a collection of buildings on a plain, but several groups of structures including one upon a rare steep hill. Having more natural relief here, building on the heights yielded the advantage of a pyramid without the need to construct one. We spent most of a day exploring and climbing on the buildings. Birding here was excellent and we saw no one else.

Our favorite large ruin was Calakmul. Current studies are revealing both how large the site is and that Calakmul was likely more important than Chichén Itzá, Uxmal and the other more well-known locations.  Calakmul is also a Biosphere Reserve; the largest intact forest in the Americas besides what remains of the Amazon. Located on the border with Belize and Guatemala, the site is two hours from a main road and 1 1/2 hours from a hotel.  Thus, there are no souvenir vendors nor many visitors.  Because so much is unexcavated and unrestored, combined with its remote location, Calakmul combines the sense of discovery of the minor sites with feelings of mystery and magnificence because of its size and complexity.
 
The tallest pyramid at Calakmul is an impressive 55m, nearly twice as tall as the Pyramid of Kukulkan (30m) at Chichén Itzá.  And this pyramid could be climbed. The views were magnificent: a vast expanse of dark, green jungle broken by an occasional mound—signifying another ancient site.

View from Calakmul’s Largest Pyramid


Wildlife was abundant: Ocellated Turkeys, Great Curassows, deer, foxes, agoutis, spider and howler monkeys. I also enjoyed an excellent view of a Black-throated Blue Warbler—a species which nests mostly along the US-Canadian border.

Visiting such a variety of sites allowed us to observe how the architecture became more intricate and then declined in conjunction with the progress and decline of the Mayan civilization. The so-called pre-Classic period began about 250CE. Their civilization reached its zenith about 900CE and then declined precipitously. The collapse occurred before the Conquest resulting in much scholarship to understand why. Overpopulation, overexploitation of the shallow soil and drought have all been blamed and collectively these provide a lesson for hubristic societies today.

Besides the quantity and richness of the lesser-known ruins, we had under-appreciated the Yucatán’s wildlife and birding. Near the small town of Chuburná, we visited wetlands replete with a variety of herons, shorebirds, and large flocks of American Flamingoes. South of Campeche, we found a tiny beach area where, while swimming, we saw an endangered West Indian Manatee.

Jungle birding was excellent. I realized virtually any species found in Belize, a popular destination for birders, is found in this area of Mexico.  Examples are near endemic rarities such as Rose-throated Tanager and the poorly named Gray-throated Chat (It has a bright red belly).  I found the latter by recognizing the correct habitat off of a side-road near the ruin of Dzibilchaltún. 

This area is also the primary wintering grounds for many neotropical migrants such as Magnolia Warblers and Least Flycatchers which were abundant.  Besides these, there are also several endemics—species found nowhere else. Many have names beginning, appropriately enough with Yucatán: Yucatán Flycatcher, Yucatán Jay, Yucatán Nightjar and more.

Our most extraordinary wildlife experience, however, was the “bat volcano,” located 1 ½ hours east of Escarcega, almost to the village of Xpujil.  More than three million bats emerge each evening.  The bats reside in caverns at the base of a steep cylindrical sinkhole approximately 50m deep and an equal distance in diameter. Near dusk, bats pour out of the fissures that surround the bottom of the deep hole. There are so many bats the breeze caused by their wings is felt on the bodies of on-lookers and rustles the leaves in the trees.

As usual, however, it was birding, the elusive Rose-throated Tanager, which led to our memorable visit to the small village of Xocen.   Via Facebook, I messaged the “Yucatán Jay Birders Club.” I had noted interesting birds listed by the club posted on eBird.   The “Club” was born when some young men from the village recognized there were unusual birds on their lands. They realized birders like me would pay for access and for help finding the birds. The young men from the village were all busy but fortunately, Joel, a young guide from Mérida, worked with the group and was available.

Once Joel and I had agreed upon dates and fees, I asked whether there would be anything of interest to occupy Mary while I was birding.  Entertaining non-birders was part of the plan, it seemed. Joel said Mary should certainly come along.

We arrived at the village early one morning and followed Joel to a small traditional hut. As with elsewhere in the Yucatán, traditional Mayan villages are disappearing. Modern buildings already had a significant presence and had lined the entrance road. The little compound we were led to had several traditional huts made of sticks packed with mud and thatched with palm fronds. Mary was introduced to a couple of ladies in traditional Mayan clothing. Joel and I went birding.

The birding was everything I hoped for. We quickly found a female Rose-throated Tanager. I was excited to see the rare bird, even though females are a dull yellow brown. We found many other species, mostly wintering neotropical migrants such as Hooded and Worm-eating Warblers. As noon approached, I was beginning to think that was all we would find.  Fortunately, in quick succession we found a male Rose-throated Tanager and my other major target, Gray-collared Becard. I was elated!

As we returned for lunch, I wondered how Mary’s morning had been. She was happy but said she had felt awkward.  The ladies showed her crafts and she had bought a few, but mostly, she observed as they performed their normal routines.  She learned how the village ladies had pooled scarce finances and purchased their own grinder for corn. Corn tortillas are the dietary staple and each morning, a bag of previously par-boiled corn is ground into masa for use in tortillas. Mary also observed the slaughtering and cleaning of the chicken that went into a pot for our lunch.  Mary said she felt warmly welcomed, but that it was embarrassing to have a part in turning an ordinary day of a fading culture into a “show.”    In fact, the corn-to-tortillas process was something we were privileged to observe. Although these tasks are performed throughout Central and South America, and have been for centuries, they are disappearing.

There was a small griddle set at an angle over a wood fire. Here is where the grandmother sat on a small stool most of the day.  She would grab some of the coarse masa dough and deftly form a golf ball sized piece and pat it down with her fingertips to form a flat thin disk from the center out. The tortilla was then tossed on the griddle as she reached for another handful of masa. With timing learned over generations, she would reach for the tortilla at just the right time and flip it to cook the other side as she prepared the next. When finished, she removed the tortilla from the griddle and tossed it on a pile.

We ate first and were provided with forks. I noticed the family simply used their tortillas as both food and utensil. Although still common throughout Mexico and Central America, it was exciting to participate in the real thing, sitting with the family, watching the tortillas made and eating a stewed chicken as they had done for generations.

How long will these practices persist? How long until it becomes solely a reenactment performed for tourists? Already, one of the younger generation in this family had constructed a separate dwelling—out of concrete blocks and including electric lights.

Others had left for school or for jobs that morning on their motorcycles. What will happen when the grandmother passes away? Will the younger generation simply buy mass-produced tortillas at the local OXXO store that we had passed on the entrance road? Will they buy their chicken there too?

I had seen their milpas, patches of corn, while birding. Among the housing and cooking structures, were herbs and food plants in small pots. But, we also saw encroachment of modernity. Traditionally, bones and inedible trash are thrown in the jungle. Native creatures soon made this human detritus vanish. Unfortunately, now that products wrapped in plastic and foil have found their way into the village, these now fluttered from nearby bushes. While birding, I had observed unsightly piles of garbage dumped randomly. Will the younger generation realize in time how much such practices threaten their future?

That afternoon, Joel took us to meet the head of the village, an elderly man. I should note here that I asked Joel if a tip was expected and he replied, “No, we are just visiting.” As we toured the village, we never saw a hint of anything but pride in their culture and pleasure that we had come for a visit.

The village elder and his family had a compound separate from the rest of the village and town. There were several traditional thatched huts and covered outside basins for doing laundry and cooking. There were a few animals inside of fences constructed of the same native wood as the huts.  It was important to our host that we see the cemetery where his ancestors were buried. The “Day of the Dead,” would arrive in a couple of weeks, and here the family would decorate these graves and spend the night celebrating their deceased family members. 

The beekeeping was also fascinating. The native bees (Melipona beecheii) are not as productive as are our non-native bees. They reside in a log with small holes.  They are endangered, probably because of loss of habitat and changes in flora in the jungle. We may have seen one of the last people obtaining honey in this manner.

Traditional Beekeeping in the Yucatán

What is most important about Xocen, however, is the belief that it is the Center of the World—a conviction honored by The Church of the Three Crosses.  The three crosses are central to the cult of the Speaking Cross. The Speaking Cross cult developed during the Caste War* when the Mayans attempted to evict their Spanish opressors. Early in the war, the Mayans might have successfully driven out the Spanish, but they ceased engagement when it was time to return home to do their planting.


The Church of the Three Crosses

Skirmishes continued for more than 50 years (1847 into the early 1900s). Near what is now Filipe Carrillo Puerto, a Maya man found a cross at the base of a tree next to a cenote. The cross spoke to him, giving him instructions on how to battle the Spanish. Over the years, people gave offerings to the cross and eventually a religion grew from it.

Joel introduced us to the priest whose demeaner was grave and respectful. We were welcomed into the small church with only the admonition that photography was prohibited. On the altar, were three crosses–one of stone, one wood, and one painted green. All three were covered with traditional Mayan dresses. and adornments. The altar was filled with disparate objects: plants, clothing, even toys such as a doll. These must have been offerings. On tables in front were lighted candles, apparently serving the same purpose as they do in Christian churches

Afterwards, in front of the church, we bowed our heads as the priest blessed us with fronds of a sacred plant that had been dipped in the nearby spring. We felt solemn and blessed ourselves. After all, we were at Xocen, the “Center of the World.”



*The Caste War was a major conflict.  That its occurrence is unknown throughout most of the Americas is unconscionable.  Overall, it is a story of native people rebelling against colonialism. Sadly, US business interests played a significant role in the death and destruction.  The best single history is: The Caste War of Yucatan, by Neslon Reed, Stanford University Press.